The topography and geology of the Fayum province of Egypt - H. J. L. Beadnell - Page №56

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[100]Zur Kenntnis alttertiärer Faunen in Ägypten. Pt. I. Der Bivalven, erster Teil. Palaeontographica Bd. XXX, III.

INDEX

A
Abshawai—[30]-31, [84].
Abu Roash as an island—[65].
Acacias—[25].
Adaptive radiation of Hyracoidea, &c.—[69].
Aegean plateau, Giraffes, &c. of—[69].
Aetheria—[81].
Africa with Europe or Asia, Connection of—[68].
Africa as centre of mammalian radiation—[68], [88].
Agamiin—[84].
Agassizia gibberulus—[52].
Ain Warshat el Melh—[20].
Air passages of crocodile skulls, as casts—[52].
Akera aff. striatella—[51]-52.
Alectryonia Clot-Beyi—[35], [50]-52.
Allen—[69].
Alluvial deposits—[23], [25]-26, [29], [39], [79]-81.
Alluvial soil, Composition of—[11]-12.
Alluvium covering eastern area—[25], [30].
Amenemhat I—[13], [26], [82], [84].
Ampullina hybrida—[51].
Ampullaria—[51], [81].
Analyses of water—[13], [22].
Analysis of fossil bones—[54].
Analysis of ox bone—[55].
Ancodus Gorringei—[34], [59], [70].
Andrews, Dr. C. W.—[10], [34], [52], [59], [68], [71], [80], [87].
Anisaster gibberulus—[52].
Anomaluridae—[68]-69.
Anoplotheres—[69].
Antelopes—[69].
Aquatic animals—[55].
Aquatic hyracoid—[69].
Arca—[53], [60].
Arca Edwardsi—[43].
Arca subplanicostata—[90].
Arca tenuifilosa—[90].
Arca tethyis—[52], [90].
Arca uniformis—[90].
Archæoceti—[44], [52], [87].
Ard varks—[69].
Area of Birket el Qurûn—[13].
Area of cultivated land—[11].
Area of desert in depression—[15].
Area of Fayûm depression—[9]-11.
Area of Fayûm freshwater lake—[80].
Arenaceous deposits—[84].
Arenaceous sediments of Nile—[81].
Argillaceous sandstone—[36], [39], [46].
Argillaceous sands—[57].
Armadillos—[69].
Arsinœ—[13], [83], [87].
Arsinoitherium—[10], [54], [59], [62], [68]-87.
Arsinoitherium Andrewsii—[34], [70].
Arsinoitherium Zitteli—[10], [34], [59], [70], [87].
Assuan Reservoir—[88].
Astarte—[46].
Astrohelia similis—[35], [43], [51].
B
Baboons—[69].
Bacchias—[83]-84.
Baharia Oasis—[9], [25], [27], [29], [66], [67].
Bahr Belama—[18].
Bahr Yusef—[11]-12, [17]-18, [25]-26, [83]-84.
Balanus—[39], [47].
Ball, Dr. J.—[66].
Barbatia—[60].
Barriers between Nile lakes—[79].
Barron, T.—[71].
Barton Clay—[58].
Bartonian beds—[43], [53]-70.
Barytherium—[10], [51], [68].
Barytherium grave—[35], [51], [70].
Basalt sheet—[15], [28], [34], [53], [56]-64, [75]-76 (derived).
Basins receiving drainage—[25], [79].
Bats, Ravine of El—[29]-30, [37], [39]-40.
Beadnell, H. J. L.—[10], [33], [59]-60, [65]-66, [78], [87].
Beauchamp sands—[58].
Beekite—[61].
Biahmu—[13], [83]-84, [87].
Birds, Fossil—[70]-87.
Birket el Qurûn—[11], [12]-14, [16], [23]-25, [27]-28, [30]-32, [36], [40]-41, [43]-47, [49]-50, [56], [61], [72]-73, [80]-81, [83]-84, [87]-88.
Birket el Qurun Schichten—[63].
Birket el Qurûn Series—[23], [27], [35], [41]-50, [52], [64], [72]-74.
Bithynia aff. Boissieri—[81].
Blanford—[69]-70.
Blanckenhorn, Dr. M.—[30]-31, [34], [39], [45], [58], [60], [64], [66], [71], [81], [87].
Blue Nile fauna—[81].
Bone horizons & pits—[52], [54], [62], [76].
Borings, Artesian—[18].
Borings at Medinet el Fayûm—[29]-30, [41].
Borings by molluscs—[23], [34], [43], [71]-73, [78].
Borings by shells at two levels—[72]-73.
Borsonia—[37].
Boulders in gravel terraces—[76].
Brackish-water shells—[84].
Brain of archæoceti—[52], [87].
Branches wanting on fossil trees—[64]-65.
British Museum collections—[59].
Brown coal—[53].
Brown, Sir Hanbury—[11], [13], [80], [83], [87].
Bryozoa—[36], [52].
Bubalis—[80].
Bugti beds (Sind)—[70].
Bullen Newton, R.—[76].
C
Cairo—[9], [16], [28], [49], [56], [64], [65].
Calcareous beds in lake—[12].
Calcareous grits—[33], [53], [56]-63.
Calcareous sandstone—[25], [42]-43, [45], [50]-51, [59], [72].
Calcite—[51], [58]-59, [61]-62.
Callianassa—[36], [58].
Calyptræa trochiformis—[43].
Canals—[11]-12, [18]-19, [29], [73].
Canals, Mud brought to lake by—[14].
Canis—[80].
Cape Rayan—[21], [36].
Carbonaceous clays—[46].
Carbonaceous matter—[42], [51].
Cardita—[38]-39, [47].
Cardita acuticostata—[90].
Cardita aff. carinata—[52].
Cardita aff. depressa—[52].
Cardita ægyptiaca—[46].
Cardita fidelis—[90].
Cardita fajumensis—[35], [46], [50]-52, [90].
Cardita cf. gracilis and depressa—[52].
Cardita mokattamensis—[90].
Cardita Mosis—[90].
Cardita aff. triparticostata—[52].
Cardita Viquesneli—[35], [45]-46, [90].
Cardium—[59].
Cardium desertorum—[90].
Cardium Schweinfurthi—[35], [43]-44, [50]-51, [90].
Carolia—[36]-39, [48], [50], [52].
Carolia Beds—[33], [48]-53, [74] (rolled blocks).
Carolia placunoides—[35]-36, [38]-39, [45]-49, [51]-52, [73], [89].
Cassidaria—[51].
Cassidaria nilotica—[51].
Cassidaria aff. nodosa—[51].
Casts of crocodilian skull air passages—[52].
Casts of shells—[39], [44], [51], [59], [63].
Cavernous limestone—[37].
Celestine—[48].
Cellular weathering of sandstone—[46].
Central African character of Fayûm shells—[60].
Central Area of Fayûm—[24]-25.
Centres of independent evolution—[69].
Cerithium—[39], [46]-47, [53], [57]-58.
Cerithium crispum—[58].
Cerithium fodicatum—[37].
Cerithium perditum—[58].
Cerithium tiarella—[58].
Cetacea—[9], [43]-44, [47], [49], [87].
Chalcedony—[61].
Chalky limestones—[40].
Charcoal, Natural—[51], [53].
Chelonians—[34], [44], [54], [62].
Chert, Tabular—[61]-62.
Cherty limestones—[57], [59], [61].
Chicoreus anguliferus—[76].
Claudius Ptolemy—[83].
Clavellithes longævus—[35], [45]-46.
Clays—[12], [15], [18], [20], [22]-25, [28]-30, [33]-53, [55]-59, [61]-62, [74]-76, [80], [82].
Clays, Variegated—[62].
Clayey marls—[37], [53], [62].
Clayey sands—[29], [36]-37, [42], [58].
Clayey sandstones—[36], [50], [57], [62].
Clayey shales—[77].
Cleopatra pirothi—[81].
Cleopatra pirothi var. unicarinata—[81].
Cleopatra bulimoides—[81], [84].
Cliffs—[12], [14]-15, [20]-24, [27], [32], [36], [40]-41, [45]-46, [48]-50, [53], [56], [73]-74, [84]-85.
Climate, Variations in Egyptian—[81].
Coal, Thin seam of—[53].
Coast-line of old continent—[54].
Colossi at Biahmu—[84].
Concretions—[35]-36, [38]-40, [42]-46, [50], [72].
Concretionary sands—[58].
Concretionary sandstones—[35], [46], [49], [51], [55]-56, [62].
Concretionary weathering—[42], [46].
Conglomerate—[25], [74]-76, [78].
Conical hill near Wadi Muêla—[36].
Coniferous fossil trees—[63].
Constancy of beds over wide areas—[33].
Continental land in Oligocene times—[64].
Continuance of Oligocene continental conditions—[54].
Cope Whitehouse—[16]-17.
Coprolites—[50]-51, [62].
Corals—[36]-37, [44], [46], [51], [53].
Corbicula Blanckenhorni—[90].
Corbicula fluminalis, var. consobrina—[81], [84].
Corbula—[40].
Corbula aff. pixidicula—[35], [39], [43].
Cossmann, M.—[45], [58], [87].
Cossmannella ægyptiaca—[50].
Cranial casts in limestone—[52].
Crassatella fajumensis—[90].
Crassatella Junkeri—[90].
Crassatella puellula—[90].
Crassatella trigonata—[90].
Crassatellithes—[50].
Creodonts—[70].
Crocodiles—[9], [34], [51]-55, [59], [62], [80].
Crocodilus—[59], [70].
Crystals of quartz, calcite &c.—[61].
Cucullæa aff. crassatina—[52].
Cucullæa dimehensis—[89].
Cultivated lands—[9], [11]-14, [39]-42, [73], [83]-84.
Currents in Birket el Qurûn—[14].
Currents in ancient river—[52], [54], [65]-66, [71]-78, [80].
Current-bedded clays, sands, &c.—[51], [56].
Cuvier—[69].
Cyprina ægyptiaca—[90].
Cyrena Blanckenhorni—[90].
Cytherea—[46].
Cytherea Newboldi—[43].
D
Dakhla Oasis—[29].
Dam at El Lahûn—[84].
Dames—[9], [43]-44, [49], [87].
Damp climate formerly in Egypt—[81].
Dashûr, Pyramids of—[28].
Dasypodidae—[69].
Defile of Wadi Muêla—[9], [21].
Delta, Ancient—[54], [66]-67.
Dentalium—[46].
Denudation, Effects of—[39], [73], [75], [77], [84].
Deposition of sediments in Eocene times—[54].
Depression, Origin of Fayûm—[15], [29], [33], [79].
Depression cut out in sedimentary rocks—[33].
Depression, Fayûm—[9], [11]-16, [20], [24], [26]-30, [33]-36, [39], [53], [61], [64], [67], [71], [75], [77]-81, [84]-85, [87]-88.
Depression, Mogara—[71].
Depression, Wadi Rayan &c.—[17]-19, [21]-24.
Depressions of Libyan Desert—[16], [29], [67].
Depth of Birket et Qurûn—[13].
Der el Beda—[64].
Der el Galamûn—[21], [36].
Desert conditions—[73], [79].
Desert region—[11], [14], [16], [26]-28.
Deshasleh—[17].
Dictyopleurus Haimi—[52].
Diluvial deposits—[81].
Dimê—[13], [31], [45], [50], [72].
Dinotheres—[69].
Diodorus Siculus—[13], [82].
Dionysias—[83]-84.
Dip, Importance and nature of—[15], [33], [48]-49, [55], [57], [64].
Diplodonta corpusculum—[90].
Diplodonta cycloidea—[90].
Diplodonta inflata—[90].
Dip-slopes of central area &c., of Fayûm—[24], [25], [27], [50].
Disconnection of Nile Valley and Fayûm—[80].
Dormice—[69].
Downthrow of faults—[32], [50].
Drainage basins—[11], [13], [23], [25].
Drains—[12].
Dreikanter—[56].
Druses of calcite—[62].
Dugongs—[53].
Dunes—[17], [21]-23, [26]-27, [84]-85.
Dunes, Slope of—[26].
Dunes, Straight-lined character of—[26], [85].
E
Earth-pillars—[46].
Earthy limestone—[46].
Echinids—[36]-37, [39].
Echinolampas Crameri—[35], [50].
Edentata—[69].
Edwa—[82]-83.
Egyptian irrigation—[88].
Elephants, Early—[68].
Elephas—[80].
El-Gayat, village—[20].
Elliot Smith, Dr.—[52], [87].
Elwat Hialla—[28], [55]-56, [75]-76.
Emigration of African animals—[68].
Eocene sea, Extension of—[66].
Eosiren—[10], [52].
Eosiren libyca—[35], [51], [70].
Eremopezus libycus—[34], [70].
Erosion by Nile—[79], [80].
Erosion, Superficial—[85].
Escarpments—[15], [21], [26]-28, [31]-32, [45], [49], [52], [56]-58, [60]-61, [75]-77.
Escarpments determined by fractures—[32].
Eschara Duvali—[37].
Estuarine conditions of upper beds—[53], [55].
Ethiopian faunal region—[68]-69.
Ethiopian region centre of independent evolution—[69]-70.
Euhemeria—[84].
Euspatangus Blanckenhorni—[36].
Euspatangus cairensis—[52].
Euspatangus formosus—[36].
Evaporation of late Pliocene lake—[78]-79.
Even-toed ruminants—[68].
Exogyra Fraasi—[35], [50]-52.
F
Facetted quartz pebbles—[56].
False-bedding—[50]-51, [55]-57, [62], [73].
Farafra Oasis—[29].
Faulting and folding—[16], [29]-32, [49]-50.
Fault near Qasr el Sagha—[32].
Fault, Nile Valley—[15].
Fayûm beds shallower water than those of Mokattam—[41].
Fayûm, Causes of origin of—[15], [29], [33].
Ferruginous bands—[51]-52, [58].
Ferruginous clays—[51].
Ferruginous grits—[27], [58], [62], [66]-67.
Ferruginous sand—[54].
Ferruginous sandstone—[46], [50], [52], [57].
Feshn—[11].
Fibrous gypsum—[52].
Ficula tricarinata—[43].
Filhol, M.—[69].
Fiord, Nile Valley—[78]-79.
Fish remains—[9], [35], [39]-40, [42]-44, [46]-47, [50]-52, [59], [70], [77], [70].
Fish-scales—[39]-40, [42], [44], [77].
Fish-spines—[39], [50].
Fish-teeth—[39], [43], [50].
Fish-vertebrae—[50].
Flat-topped hills—[20].
Flinders, Petrie—[13], [87].
Flint implements—[61], [82].
Flint pebbles—[20], [50], [56], [62]-63, [73], [75]-76.
Flint, Tabular—[61]-62.
Floods—[26], [54], [67], [82].
Flood protection—[88].
Flood-readings—[80].
Floor of depression—[39].
Fluviatile conditions of deposition—[58].
Fluviatile sands, etc.—[60], [66]-67.
Fluviomarine conditions of deposition—[33].
Fluviomarine Series—[9], [27], [34], [53]-65, [74]-76.
Flying rodents—[68]-69.
Fold near Qasr el Sagha—[32], [49].
Foraminiferal beds—[33], [35]-39, [41]-42, [45]-48, [74].
Formation of Fayûm lake—[26], [78]-80, [82]-84.
Fractures determining escarpments—[32].
Freshness of Birket el Qurûn—[14], [24].
Freshwater conditions of deposition—[58].
Freshwater lake before Mœris—[79]-80.
Freshwater lakes of Nile Valley—[79].
Freshwater shells—[18], [44], [47], [60], [80]-81, [88].
Freshwater shells absent in Wadi Rayan—[23].
Fusus—[37], [48].
G
Gar el Gehannem—[9], [23], [25], [27], [32], [36]-39, [41], [46]-47, [50], [52], [61], [67], [73], [80], [85].
Gar el Hamra—[27], [67].
Garat el Esh—[32], [61], [76], [85].
Garat el Faras—[28], [50], [75].
Garat el Gindi—[28], [75].
Garstin, Sir W.—[18], [87].
Gasteropods—[36], [58].
Geniohyus—[10].
Geniohyus fayumensis—[34], [70].
Geniohyus major—[34], [70].
Geniohyus mirus—[34], [70].
Geodes—[61].
Geological Succession in Wadi Rayan—[22].
Geological Magazine—[10], [87].
Geology of Fayûm—[33], [90].
Geziret el Qorn—[31], [40], [43]-45, [63].
Gharaq, Bahr el—[11], [17].
Gharaq Basin—[11], [13], [19]-20, [23]-26, [31], [36], [85].
Gharaq, Wadi—[17].
Ghardag bushes—[22].
Ghart el Khanashat—[26]-27, [85].
Gigantophis—[10].
Gigantophis Garstini—[35], [51], [70].
Giraffes—[69].
Gisortia—[37].
Gisortia gigantea—[51].
Giza, Pyramids of—[28], [63].
Glacial period—[69], [81].
Glauconitic clays—[36], [39], [50].
Glauconitic marl—[39].
Glauconitic sands—[37].
Globular concretions—[35], [42]-46, [72].
Glycimeris pulvinatus—[52].
Goat remains—[80].
Goniastræa cocchii—[43].
Goniaræa elegans—[51].
Goniopora—[51].
Grass in desert—[27].
Gravels—[15], [25]-27, [32], [34], [40]-42, [73]-78.
Gravel-capped hills—[75].
Gravel terraces—[25], [34], [42], [71], [73]-80.
Gravelly gypsum—[77].
Grenfell, Mr.—[83]-84, [87].
Grits—[27], [33]-34, [57]-63, [66].
Grooving due to blown sand—[85].
Gryphæa arabica—[89].
Gryphæa Edmonstonei—[89].
Gryphæa histris—[89].
Gryphæa pharaonum—[89].
Gryphæa Whitehousei—[89].
Gauges, Nile—[80].
Gypseous clays—[33], [35], [37]-40, [44]-46, [51]-52.
Gypseous deposits—[71], [75], [77], [79].
Gypseous limestone—[50], [52].
Gypseous marls—[37]-39.
Gypseous plain—[20]-21.
Gypseous sands—[39].
Gypseous shale—[42], [48].
Gypsum—[18], [20], [36]-37, [39], [42], [50]-52, [61]-62, [77]-79.
Gypsum of Paris, Animals in—[69].
H
Hade of fault—[32].
Haram el Bahrl, El—[36].
Harpoons, Flint—[61].
Hawara—[11], [13], [26], [87].
Headon Hill beds—[58].
Height of Pliocene terraces—[76].
Heliastræa acervularia—[43].
Heliastræa Ellisi—[13].
Heliastræa flattersi—[43].
Heluan—[16].
Herodotus—[13], [82], [84].
High-level lake—[83].
Hippopotamus—[69], [80].
Historic epoch—[81]-85.
Horns of Birket el Qurûn due to siliceous bands—[41].
Hunt, Mr.—[83]-84, [87].
Huxley, Prof.—[68].
Hydractinia—[38].
Hydractinia cornuta—[35].
Hydrobia stagnalis—[84].
Hyracoidea—[69].
I
Ice periods—[69], [81].
Immigration of animals into Africa—[68].
Implements, Flint—[61].
India, Fauna of—[69].
Indo-Malayan faunal region—[69].
Invasion of Africa by European animals—[69].
Invasion of Europe by African animals—[69].
Ironstone—[50], [58]-59.
Irrigation works, Result of—[12], [88].
Isocardia cyprinoides—[43].
J
Jerboas—[69].
Joint-planes—[36].
K
Kafr el Ayat—[11].
Karanis—[84].
Kayser—[87].
Kenîsa, El—[72].
Kharga Oasis—[29].
Knobs along line of fault—[32].
Kom Ombo—[81].
Korif, Wadi—[21].
L
Lacustrine deposits—[12]-13, [34], [40], [44], [47], [49], [66]-67, [79]-80, [82].
Lahûn—[11], [26], [39], [84].
Lahûn Pyramid—[28], [42].
Lake deposits—[67], [79].
Lake in Fayûm—[11]-14, [78]-80.
Lake Mœris—[12]-13, [18]-19, [23]-24, [43], [49], [79]-80, [82]-84, [87]-88.
Lake, Nile Valley—[78]-79.
Lake of the Horns—[12].
Lamellibranchs—[12], [58]-59, [89].
Lamination of arenaceous deposits—[66].
Land-animal remains—[52]-54.
Land-areas, Ancient—[65]-67, [71].
Lanistes—[53], [58], [81].
Lanistes antiquus—[51].
Lanistes bartonianus—[34], [60].
Lanistes carinatus—[60].
Lava Flows—[15], [33]-34, [53], [56]-58, [61]-62, [75].
Leakage through ridge of Wadi Rayan—[23].
Leda—[35], [39].
Lenticular sand-beds—[55].
Leptodon—[69].
Levels made from Rayan to Nile Valley—[17].
Libyan Desert, Area, etc., of—[15], [88].
Liernur Bey—[17]-18, [87].
Liernur, Wadi—[17], [19].
Lignite—[51], [53].
Ligurian beds—[43], [64], [88].
Limb-bones of vertebrates—[52].
Limestones—[12], [15]-16, [20]-25, [29], [33]-42, [45]-53, [56]-57, [59]-62, [65]-66, [73]-77.
Limnæa mœris—[81].
Limnæa natalensis—[81].
Limnæa palustris—[81].
Linant de Bellefonds—[16], [83], [88].
Linthia—[52].
Little Rayan—[22].
Littoral deposits—[66].
Loam—[39].
Lobocarcinus Paulino-Wurtembergicus—[36].
Lower Headon Hill beds—[58].
Lower Oligocene—[53]-70.
Lucas, A.—[9], [14], [22], [54], [88].
Lucina—[36], [39], [45]-46, [48], [53], [58].
Lucina calliste—[90].
Lucina consobrina—[37].
Lucina Defrancei—[37].
Lucina fajumensis—[90].
Lucina fortisiana—[51].
Lucina gibbosula—[90].
Lucina globulosa—[37].
Lucina pharaonis—[35], [43], [45], [51], [90].
Lucina polythele—[90].
Lucina pomum—[43].
Lucina Rai—[90].
Lucina sinuosa—[90].
Lucina cf. tabulata—[43].
Lulu, Wadi—[17].
Lydekker, R.—[70].
M
Macrosolen Hollowaysi—[35], [46], [51].
Mactra compressa—[43].
Madagascar and Africa, Connection of—[68].
Mammalia, Fossil—[34]-35, [55], [62], [38]-70, [80], [87].
Mammillary weathering—[57].
Mandibles of vertebrates—[52].
Marls—[18], [29]-30, [33]-35, [37], [39]-42, [49]-50, [53], [55], [61]-62, [73]-74, [76].
Marls in lake—[12].
Marls, Saliferous—[19].
Marly clays—[29]-30, [57], [62].
Marly gypsum—[77].
Marly limestones—[33], [35], [37]-39, [47]-48, [62], [77].
Marsh land—[26], [40], [82].
Martens, Prof. von.—[60], [81], [88].
Masaigega, Wadi—[19].
Masaret-Abusia—[40].
Mastodons—[68]-69.
Mayer-Eymar, K.—[37], [43], [49], [53], [64], [88].
Mazana—[17], [19].
Medinet el Fayûm—[29]-30, [41], [82]-83.
Mediterranean fauna—[81].
Medum—[40], [77] (pyramid).
Megalohyrax—[10].
Megalohyrax eocænus—[34], [59], [70].
Megalohyrax minor—[34], [70].
Melania—[53], [57]-60.
Melania muricata—[60].
Melania cf. Nysti—[60], [64].
Melania tuberculata—[81], [84].
Melanopsis—[81].
Melanopsis fauna—[81].
Melongena nilotica, var. bicarinata—[51].
Menesi Ali, Ezba—[17].
Meretrix nitidula—[51].
Meretrix parisiensis—[51].
Mesalia—[51].
Mesalia fasciata—[35], [51].
Mesalia oxycrepis—[51].
Middle Eocene—[9]-10, [15], [32]-33, [35]-53, [54]-55, [57]-58, [60], [62], [64], [66]-67, [70], [80].
Migrations of mammalia—[69]-70.
Miocene beds suggested—[64].
Miocene, Lower—[34], [54], [70].
Miocene, Lower, of Orient European in type—[70].
Miocene strata, Absence of—[34], [71].
Mitra—[36].
Mœriophis Schweinfurthi—[50], [70].
Mœris (see Lake Mœris).
Mœritherium—[10], [52], [59], [68], [70].
Mœritherium gracilis—[35], [51], [70].
Mœritherium Lyonsi—[34], [35], [51], [59], [70].
Mœritherium trigodon—[34]-70.
Mogara—[34], [54], [71], [85].
Mokattam beds, Lower—[35], [89]-90.
Mokattam beds, Upper—[33], [41], [49], [89]-90.
Mokattam beds deeper water than Fayûm beds—[41].
Mokattam, Jebel—[39], [41], [49].
Monastery in Wadi Muêla—[21].
Moncrieff, Sir C. S.—[16]-17, [87].
Monkeys—[69].
Monoclinal fold—[16].
Monograph of Fayûm vertebrates—[10].
Monotony of desert—[26].
Muêla, Wadi—[9], [14], [16]-17, [20]-21, [35]-37, [88]-89.
Mutela—[53], [60].
Mytilus affinis—[51].
N
Natica—[46].
Natica crassatina—[64].
Natrûn, Wadi—[26], [27], [54], [85].
Nautilus—[36], [46], [48].
Nawamis—[40].
Necrodasypus—[69].
Neolithic implements—[82], [87].
Neritina nilotica—[81], [84].
Nezleh Canal—[19].
Nicolia—[63].
Nile deposit absent in Wadi Rayan—[23].
Nile mud—[80]-82.
Nile Valley, Connection with—[11], [13], [17]-18, [79]-82.
Nile Valley, History of—[79], [87].
Nile waters enter depression—[26], [79]-80, [82].
Nilometer—[80].
Nodular bands—[44], [47].
Nodular limestones—[48].
Nodules, Calcareous—[39], [61].
Nonionina—[46].
Northern Desert Region—[9], [26]-28, [87].
Nucula Mœridis—[89].
Nucularia—[35], [39].
Nummulites—[33], [36], [39], [41], [46]-48.
Nummulites Beaumonti—[35], [41].
Nummulites curvispira—[35]-37.
Nummulites Fraasi—[35], [41]-42.
Nummulites gizehensis—[33], [35]-37, [39], [41], [48].
Nummulites gizehensis limestones—[33], [35]-37, [39], [41], [48].
Nummulites Schweinfurthi—[41].
Nummulites sub-Beaumonti—[41].
Nummulitic limestones—[36]-39, [65].
O
Oases depressions—[67].
Oases, Origin of—[29].
Oasis, Parva—[83].
Oldest beds in Fayûm—[33].
Oligocene beds—[34], [53], [70].
Oligocene of Orient European in type—[70].
Oliva—[46].
Operculina—[33], [46], [74].
Operculina discoidea—[35], [41]-42, [47], [74].
Operculina-Nummulite Beds—[35], [41]-48, [74].
Oppenheim, Dr. P.—[43], [50], [88]-89.
Oriental faunal region—[69].
Origin of Fayûm, Causes of—[15].
Original floor of depression—[39].
Osborn, Prof. H. F.—[68], [70].
Ostrea—[36]-39, [42], [44]-46, [48]-50, [52].
Ostrea Bellardi—[89].
Ostrea Caillaudi—[89].
Ostrea Clot-Beyi—[38], [46], [89].
Ostrea cucullata—[41], [71], [77].
Ostrea digitalina—[43].
Ostrea Edmonstonei—[89].
Ostrea elegans—[35], [51], [89].
Ostrea flabellula—[51].
Ostrea Fraasi—[38]-39, [47], [89].
Ostrea gigantea—[43].
Ostrea gigantica—[89].
Ostrea Gumbeli—[37].
Ostrea Hessi—[89].
Ostrea aff. heteroclyta—[51].
Ostrea histris—[89].
Ostrea longirostris—[43].
Ostrea Mehemeti—[89].
Ostrea paucicostata—[89].
Ostrea plicata—[43], [89].
Ostrea producta—[43].
Ostrea qeruniana—[89].
Ostrea ramosa—[89].
Ostrea Reili—[35], [39], [45]-47, [51]-52, [89].
Ostrea Schweinfurthi—[89].
Ostrea semipectinata—[89].
Ostrea Sickenbergeri—[89].
Ostrea Stanleyi—[89].
Ostrea Whitehousei—[89].
Oudardia ovalis—[39].
Outlets, Subterranean, to lake—[14], [24].
Outliers—[21], [28].
Output of water from springs—[22].
Oysters—[36], [39], [42], [48].
Oyster-beds—[36], [50].
Oyster-limestone—[52].
P
Palæogene freshwater shells—[60].
Palæogene vertebrate fauna—[87].
Palæontographica—[43], [63], [88].
Palæomastodon—[10], [59], [68].
Palæomastodon Beadnelli—[34], [59], [70].
Palæomastodon minor—[34], [70].
Palms—[21]-22.
Paludina—[81].
Pangolins—[69].
Paper-shales—[36], [51].
Paris basin—[58].
Parisian beds—[18], [35]-53.
Pass from Muêla to Rayan—[21].
Pebble deposits—[18], [30], [39]-40, [56], [58], [76], [78].
Pecten—[39], [42], [46]-47.
Pecten benedictus—[71].
Pecten Caillaudi—[89].
Pecten corneus—[37].
Pecten moëlehensis—[37], [52], [59].
Pecten solariolum—[52].
Pectunculus—[46].
Pectunculus juxtadentatus—[90].
Pectunculus ægyptiacus—[51], [90].
Pectunculus pseudopulvinatus—[35].
Pectunculus pulvinatus—[52].
Pelomedusa progaleata—[70].
Pelvis of Arsinoitherium—[54].
Perforate weathering of sandstone—[46].
Permeability of Wadi Rayan—[24].
Perennial irrigation in Egypt—[88].
Pharaonic province—[84].
Philotera—[84].
Phiomia—[10].
Phiomia serridens—[34], [59], [70].
Pinna—[39], [47].
Plains—[50], [52], [54], [77].
Plain of subaerial denudation—[39].
Planorbis Ehrenbergi—[84].
Planorbis marginatus var. subangulata—[84].
Planorbis subangulata—[81].
Plant-remains—[42], [50]-51, [53], [57].
Plateau bounding Fayûm to north—[26].
Plateaux—[15], [21], [25], [27]-28, [32], [62].
Pleistocene Beds—[30], [34], [47], [50], [54], [71], [79]-81, [84].
Pleurotoma—[37], [43], [46], [53], [58].
Pleurotoma ingens—[34], [58].
Plicatula Bellardi—[50]-51, [89].
Plicatula indigena—[89].
Plicatula polymorpha—[35], [45]-46, [51].
Plicatula pyramidarum—[89].
Plicatula Schweinfurthi—[89].
Pliny—[82].
Pliocene Beds—[30], [34], [41]-42, [54], [69], [71]-78.
Pliocene sea, Invasion of—[43], [71], [78].
Pliohyrax—[69].
Podocnemis antiqua—[37], [70].
Podocnemis Blanckenhorni—[70].
Podocnemis Blanckenhorni var. ovata—[70].
Podocnemis fajumensis—[70].
Podocnemis Stromeri—[35], [70].
Podocnemis Stromeri var. major—[70].
Pools formed by rainfall—[25].
Pools produced by springs—[20], [22].
Potamides—[53].
Potamides scalaroides—[34], [58], [64].
Potamides tiarella—[64].
Potamides tristriatus—[34].
Prehistoric epoch—[81]-82.
Prehistoric lake—[23], [79]-82.
Preservation of fossil remains—[55].
Proboscidea—[68]-69.
Promontories of Birket el Qurûn, Origin of—[41].
Propristis Schweinfurthi—[35], [51], [70].
Psephophorus eocænus—[35], [70].
Pseudodon—[58], [60].
Pterodon—[10].
Pterodon africanus—[34], [59], [70].
Pterodon macrognathus—[34], [70].
Pterosphenus—[10].
Pterosphenus Schweinfurthi—[35], [50]-51, [70].
Ptolemaic lake—[84].
Ptolemaic period—[82].
Ptolemy Philadelphus—[84].
Ptolemy the second—[84].
Puddingstone of ancient rivers—[26], [67].
Pyramid-like building—[74].
Pyramid pebbles—[56].
Q
Qalamsha, Ezba—[23], [25]-26, [41]-42, [77].
Qasr el Banat—[84].
Qasr el Qurûn—[84].
Qasr el Sagha—[9], [31]-32, [43], [49], [52], [56]-58, [60]-61.
Qasr el Sagha Series—[27], [32]-33, [35], [38], [41], [44]-57, [64]-66, [75], [77].
Qatrani, Jebel El—[28], [55], [61], [75].
Qatrani beds—[34], [53]-70.
Qerunia—[38].
Qerunia cornuta—[35], [45]-46, [48], [51]-52.
Quartz pebbles—[20], [50], [56], [62]-63, [73], [75].
Quartz sand—[55].
Quartzite—[62], [73]-75.
R
Radiation of Mammalia from Africa—[69].
Railway to Fayûm—[40].
Raised beaches—[34], [41].
Ratite bird—[87].
Ravine Beds—[23], [25], [29]-30, [35], [37]-42, [46], [77].
Ravines—[12], [19], [29], [37], [39]-40.
Rayan, Jebel—[36]-37.
Rayan, Geology of Wadi—[22]-23.
Rayan, Little—[22].
Rayan Series—[24], [25], [30], [33], [35]-39, [41].
Rayan, Wadi—[9], [11], [14]-24, [27]-28, [31], [85], [87]-89.
Rays—[70].
Recent Beds—[34], [81]-85.
Reclamation of Fayûm lake—[82]-84.
Reconnection of Nile Valley and Fayûm—[80].
Reeds—[20].
Regulator of floods, Fayûm as—[82].
Reinach, Von—[59], [88].
Reptiles, Fossil—[70].
Reservoir at Assuan—[88].
Reservoir proposed in Wadi Rayan—[16]-19.
Retreat of Eocene sea—[54], [55], [66].
Rhinoceros bicornis—[69].
Ridge separating Nile Valley and Fayûm—[25]-26, [71], [73]-74, [79]-80.
Ridge separating Rayan and Gharaq—[23].
Rimella rimosa—[35], [51].
Ripple-marked sandstone—[51].
Rise of Nile bed—[80].
River, Ancient—[27], [52]-55, [66]-67, [79].
River-currents—[65], [71], [78].
River-sand—[55].
Roads in desert—[27].
Rocks forming Libyan Desert—[15].
Roda—[13], [75], [80].
Rodents, Flying—[68]-69.
Rohlfs’ Expedition—[9], [63.]
Rolled fossils—[73].
Rostellaria—[37].
Round-topped hill-ranges—[75].
Rubiat—[39]-42.
Ruins—[20]-22, [48]-50, [52].
Ruminants, Even-toed—[68]-69.
Rushes—[20].
S
Saghatherium—[10].
Saghatherium antiquum—[34], [59], [70].
Saghatherium magnum—[34], [70].
Saghatherium minus—[34], [59], [70].
Salines—[20].
Salinity of lake—[14].
Salinity of water in Wadi Rayan—[24].
Salt—[18], [36], [77], [79].
Salt in Wadis Rayan & Muêla—[19], [20], [88].
Samos, Island of—[69].
Sands—[15], [18], [21], [29], [33]-34, [40], [42], [47], [50], [53], [55]-59, [61]-62, [71], [74]-76, [80].
Sand accumulations, Wind-blown—[12], [20]-21, [32], [34], [73], [84]-85.
Sand, &c., deposited in Birket el Qurûn—[13], [80], [84].
Sandberger Hills—[62].
Sandblast action—[73].
Sand-rock—[44], [50]-51, [56]-60, [62], [74].
Sands, Variegated—[34], [53], [57], [59].
Sandstones—[15], [28], [32]-36, [38]-39, [42]-63, [72], [74]-77.
Sandstone, Concretionary—[35], [38].
Sandstone-grit—[56], [58], [62]-63.
Sandstones, Mottled—[62].
Sandstones, Variegated—[76].
Sandy clays—[12], [18], [36]-37, [42], [44], [46], [50]-52, [56]-59, [62].
Sandy conglomerate—[18].
Sandy limestones—[25], [35]-36, [38]-39, [42], [49]-52.
Sandy marl—[37], [42], [62].
Sandy shale—[42].
Saqâra, Pyramid of—[28].
Saws, Flint—[61].
Scalenohedra of calcite—[51].
Schizaster—[36].
Schizaster aff. africanus—[52].
Schweinfurth, Dr.—[9], [14], [19], [24], [34]-37, [43]-44, [49], [64], [71]-72, [77]-80, [88].
Schweinfurth’s Temple—[49].
Scoring due to blown sand—[85].
Scott Moncrieff, Sir C.—[88].
Sculpturing of sandstone—[85].
Scutella beds—[64].
Second Cataract—[81].
Sections, Geological—[36]-42, [44]-47, [50]-52, [56], [58]-62.
Sediment deposited in Fayûm—[26], [54].
Sêla—[9], [26], [39]-40, [73].
Septaria—[46].
Serpula—[46].
Sersena—[25], [42], [75].
Shales—[36], [42], [48].
Shaly Clays—[44], [47], [62], [77].
Shaly marl—[39]-41, [44].
Sharks—[39].
Sharks’ teeth—[46], [51].
Sheep remains—[80].
Shell-borings—[72].
Shell-impressions—[39]-40, [42], [44], [50].
Shelly limestone—[38]-39, [46], [51]-52.
Shelly sands—[36].
Shelly sandstone—[46], [51].
Sherwin, R. S.—[78].
Shore-line, Ancient—[77].
Shore-line, Movements of—[65].
Shrinkage of Birket el Qurûn—[13].
Sidmant el Jebel—[17], [34], [71], [77].
Siliceous bands, Horns of Birket el Qurûn due to—[41].
Siliceous beds capping hills—[61].
Siliceous limestone—[37], [41].
Silicified grits—[27], [62], [67].
Silicified sandstones—[32], [57].
Silicified trees—[27], [34], [51], [53], [55]-59, [61], [63], [65], [73]-75.
Silicified trees, Size of—[53], [63].
Silsila—[81].
Siluroid fish—[35], [51], [70], [80].
Sirenia—[51].
Sites, Excavated—[84].
Skeleton-carrying currents—[53].
Soil, Character of—[11]-12, [88].
Soil survey—[9].
Solarium—[51].
Solarium aff. bistriatum—[51].
South Africa as centre of evolution—[69].
South America, Migrations to—[69].
Spatha—[53], [58], [60], [81].
Spatha dahomeyensis—[60].
Spatha Droueti—[60].
Spondylus ægyptiacus—[52], [89].
Spondylus perhorridus—[89].
Spondylus Ruaulti—[89].
Springs in Wadi Muêla—[20].
Springs of Wadi Rayan—[22].
Stem-weathering in sandstone—[56].
Step-faults—[31].
Stereogenys Cromeri—[35], [51], [70].
Stereogenys libyca—[70].
Stereogenys podocnemioides—[35], [70].
Stock-work—[50].
Stone Age, Neolithic—[82].
Strabo—[13], [82].
Strata, Classification of—[34].
Strike faults—[32].
Stromer von Reichenbach, E.—[44], [59], [69], [88].
Strontium sulphate pseudomorphs—[48].
Subaerial denudation—[39].
Sub-fossil fauna of Fayûm—[81].
Successive faunal invasions, Theory of—[68].
Sulphate of lime—[78].
Sulphate of strontium pseudomorphs—[48].
Survey collections—[59].
Surveying operations—[9].
Surveying by Colonel Western—[17].
T
Table-land of cultivated area—[11].
Tafla beds—[39].
Tamarisk growth—[22], [25], [72], [82].
Tamia—[12]-13, [15], [25], [27]-28, [31], [40], [42], [49]-50, [55]-56, [72], [75].
Tamia lake—[40].
Tectonics—[16], [29]-32.
Tellina—[40], [42], [51].
Tellina pellucida—[43].
Tellina scalaroides—[35].
Tellina tenuistriata—[35], [39].
Temperature changes in desert—[73].
Temperature effects on pebbles—[56].
Temperature of springs in Wadi Rayan—[22].
Temple of Qasr el Sagha—[49], [56].
Terebellum sopitum—[36].
Teredo—[39], [47].
Testudo Ammon—[10], [34], [59], [70].
Thallassochelys libyca—[35], [70].
Theadelphia—[84].
Thickness of beds in section—[37]-29, [42], [45]-46, [49]-52, [56]-60, [65], [76]-77.
Thickness of sediments in Fayûm—[15].
Thinning of Fluvio-marine series—[55].
Tomistoma—[70].
Tomistoma africanum—[35], [51], [59], [70].
Tongrian beds—[13], [64], [88].
Toothed whales—[39].
Topography and structural geology—[11]-28.
Tortoises, Large—[10], [53]-54, [59], [66], [87].
Trachelochetus bituberculatus—[51].
Tropical shells in Fayûm—[60].
Tuba, El—[40].
Tudicla aff. umbilicaris—[51].
Tufaceous gypsum—[77].
Turbo Parkinsoni—[43].
Turritella—[38]-39, [44]-53.
Turritella angulata—[43], [45], [60], [64].
Turritella carinifera—[35], [38], [43], [51]-52.
Turritella imbricataria—[51]-52.
Turritella Lessepsi—[51].
Turritella parisiana—[51].
Turritella pharaonica—[34]-35, [45], [51]-52, [58].
Turritella transitoria—[43].
Turritella turris—[43].
Turtles—[53]-55, [59], [60].
Twelfth Dynasty—[26], [82].
Twigs preserved in clays—[53].
U
Um el Atl—[84].
Unconformable junctions—[39]-40, [73], [76].
Underground outlets of Birket el Qurûn—[14].
Ungulate, Horned—[10].
Unio—[34], [53], [58]-60.
Unio abyssinicus—[81].
Unio Bonneaudi—[60].
Unio Caillaudi—[60].
Unio Homsensis—[60].
Unio lithophagus—[60].
Unio Nyassænsis—[60].
Unio Schweinfurthi—[81].
Unio teretiusculus—[60].
Upper Eocene—[10], [32]-34, [53]-70, [76].
Upper Mokattam beds—[33].
Upper Nile basin—[87].
Ur-Nil—[66].
V
Valvata nilotica—[80], [84].
Vegetation in water-courses—[25].
Velates Schmiedeli—[37].
Venus—[46].
Venus plicatella—[35].
Vermetus—[46].
Vertebrae of Mœritherium—[52].
Vertebrae of Zeuglodon—[45], [47], [50].
Vertebrate fauna, Discovery of—[9].
Vertebrates, Extinct—[10], [34]-35, [43], [49], [51]-52, [55], [61], [63], [65], [67], [70], [87].
Voluta—[46].
Voluta arabica—[35].
Vulsella chamiformis—[37], [89].
Vulsella crispata—[89].
Vulsella lignaria—[89].
Vulsella moëlehensis—[89].
W
Wadi, Ravine of El—[29]-30, [37], [39].
Wadi Rayan, Muêla, etc. (see under Rayan, Muêla).
Wadi Rayan series—[35]-37.
Warshat el Melh—[20].
Water analyses—[22].
Water-courses—[25].
Water-rounded pebbles—[56], [72].
Water-supply of Fayûm—[11], [88].
Weathering—[57].
Wells—[21].
Western, Colonel—[16]-18, [22], [87].
Whales, Frequency of river and shore-frequenting—[53].
Whales, Toothed—[39].
Whitehouse, Cope—[88].
White Nile fauna, Absence of—[81].
Widan el Faras—[28], [55], [58], [60], [62], [75]-76.
Willcocks, Sir William—[13]-14, [17]-19, [80]-88.
Wind-shadow—[84].
X
Xiphodonts—[29].
Z
Zeuglodon—[9], [39], [44], [49], [52], [87]-88.
Zeuglodon brachyspondylus—[44].
Zeuglodon Isis—[35], [44]-45, [47], [70].
Zeuglodon macrospondylus—[44].
Zeuglodon Osiris—[35], [44], [47], [49]-51, [70].
Zeuglodon Zitteli—[44], [70].
Zeuglodon Valley—[41], [46]-49, [61], [63], [85].
Zittel, Prof. K.—[43], [49], [62], [89].

GEOLOGICAL MAP
OF
THE FAYUM DEPRESSION

PL. XVII.