[3] James Maitland: The American Slang Dictionary; Chicago, 1891.
[4] For example, the works of Villatte, Virmaitre, Michel, Rigaud and Devau.
[5] The best of these, of course, is Farmer and Henley's monumental Slang and Its Analogues, in seven volumes.
[6] Matthews' essay, The Function of Slang, is reprinted in Clapin's Dictionary of Americanisms, pp. 565-581.
[7] P. 199 et seq.
[8] For example, The Psychology of Unconventional Language, by Frank K. Sechrist, Pedagogical Seminary, vol. xx, p. 413, Dec., 1913, and The Philosophy of Slang, by E. B. Taylor, reprinted in Clapin's Dictionary of Americanisms, pp. 541-563.
[9] Olaf E. Bosson: Slang and Cant in Jerome K. Jerome's Works; Cambridge, 1911.
[10] Cambridge History of English Literature, vol. xii, p. 144.
[11] Curiously enough, the American language, usually so fertile in words to express shades of meaning, has no respectable synonym for chicken. In English there is flapper, in French there is ingénue, and in German there is backfisch. Usually either the English or the French word is borrowed.
[12] The Life and Growth of Language, New York, 1897, p. 113.