This grass is somewhat rare in England. The jointed basal awn, with a minute hair-tuft above the middle, is unique, and readily distinguishes it when mixed with Agrostis.

⊙⊙ Awn not bearded or thickened.

Palea bifid at apex.

Aira caryophyllea.
A. præcox.

Aira caryophyllea.
A. præcox.

Aira caryophyllea, L.

"Seed" 1·4-1·6 mm., comma-shaped and dark-brown.

Palea acute, nerveless, inrolled at edges and with a dorsal, kneed, very fine, dark twisted awn twice as long as the palea: the latter with two-toothed apex and a basal hair-tuft.

A common impurity in commercial seed.

Aira præcox, L. is very similar, and cannot be distinguished with certainty by the “seed," but has a shorter awn and no basal hairs. Apex of palea two-toothed.

≡ ≡ Palea jagged or toothed, but not bifid.

Aira flexuosa.
A. cæspitosa.

Aira flexuosa.
A. cæspitosa.

Aira flexuosa, L. (Fig. [70]).

Palea 5 mm. long, four-toothed at the apex, and caryopsis 2·6 mm. The fine basal awn waved or kneed, about twice as long as the palea. Fruit with a groove.