Extinct Monsters / A Popular Account of Some of the Larger Forms of Ancient Animal Life

by H. N. Hutchinson

LIST OF FULL-PAGE ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE		TO FACE PAGE
[XI.]	A Gigantic Horned Dinosaur, Triceratops prorsus	Frontispiece
[XXIV.]	Sir Richard Owen and Skeleton of Dinornis maximus	ix
[I.]	Sea-scorpions	25
[II.]	Fish-lizards	41
[III.]	Pterodactyls—Long-necked Sea-lizard—Cuttle-fish or Belemnite	55
[IV.]	A Gigantic Dinosaur, Brontosaurus excelsus	69
[V.]	Thigh-bone of the Largest of the Dinosaurs, Atlantosaurus	71
[VI.]	A Carnivorous Dinosaur, Megalosaurus Bucklandi	79
[VII.]	A Gigantic Dinosaur, Iguanodon Bernissartensis	97
[VIII.]	A Gigantic Dinosaur, Iguanodon Mantelli	101
[IX.]	An Armoured Dinosaur, Scelidosaurus Harrisoni	105
[X.]	A Gigantic Armoured Dinosaur, Stegosaurus ungulatus	113
[XII.]	Group of Small Flying Dragons, or Pterodactyls	131
[XIII.]	Group of Sea-serpents, Elasmosaur, and Fishes	141
[XIV.]	A Large Extinct Mammal, Tinoceras ingens	151
[XV.]	A Huge Extinct Mammal, Brontops robustus	161
[XVI.]	A Gigantic Hoofed Mammal, Sivatherium giganteum	169
[XVII.]	Skeleton of Great Ground Sloth of South America	179
[XVIII.]	Great Ground Sloth of South America, Megatherium americanum	181
[XIX.]	A Gigantic Armadillo, Glyptodon asper	189
[XX.]	The Mammoth, Elephas primigenius	205
[XXI.]	The Mastodon of Ohio, M. americanus	219
[XXII.]	The Woolly Rhinoceros, Rhinoceros tichorhinus	225
[XXIII.]	Moa-birds	233
[XXV.]	The Great Irish Deer, Cervus megaceros	243
[XXVI.]	Steller’s Sea-cow, Rhytina gigas	249

LIST OF FIGURES IN TEXT.

FIG.		PAGE
[1.]	Pterygotus anglicus	26
[2.]	Silurian Merostomata	30
[3.]	Ichthyosaurus intermedius	39
[4.]	Teeth of Ichthyosauri	43
[5.]	Skull of Ichthyosaurus latifrons	44
[6.]	Skull of Ichthyosaurus platyodon	47
[7.]	Mandibles of Long-necked Sea-Lizards	55
[8.]	Skeleton of Plesiosaurus macrocephalus	56
[9.]	Restored Skeleton of Brontosaurus excelsus	67
[10.]	Neck Vertebræ of Brontosaurus	68
[11.]	Head of Diplodocus	72
[12.]	Lower Jaw-bone of Megalosaurus, with Teeth	77
[13.]	Skeleton of Megalosaurus	78
[14.]	Portion of a Slab of New Red Sandstone	80
[15.]	Portion of a Slab, with Tracks	81
[16.]	Limb-bones of Allosaurus	83
[17.]	Skull of Ceratosaurus	84
[18.]	Skull of Ceratosaurus nasicornis	85
[19.]	Skeleton of Compsognathus longipes	86
[20.]	Tooth of Iguanodon	88
[21.]	Skeleton of Iguanodon Bernissartensis	100
[22.]	Skull and Skeleton of Iguanodon Mantelli	101
[23.]	Tracks of Iguanodon	102
[24.]	Restored Skeleton of Scelidosaurus Harrisoni	105
[25.]	Skeleton of Stegosaurus ungulatus	112
[26.]	Tail Vertebræ of Stegosaurus	113
[27.]	Limb-bones of Stegosaurus	114
[28.]	Plates of Stegosaurus	115
[29.]	Head of Triceratops	116
[30.]	Skeleton of Triceratops prorsus	117
[31.]	Bony Spines belonging to the Skin of Triceratops	119
[32.]	Skeleton of Dimorphodon Macronyx	124
[33.]	Skeleton of Scaphognathus crassirostris	125
[34.]	Skeleton of Pterodactylus spectabilis	126
[35.]	Skeleton of Rhamphorhynchus phyllurus	128
[36.]	Skull of Pteranodon	129
[37.]	Skull of Mosasaurus Hoffmanni	137
[38.]	Teeth of Mosasaurus	137
[39.]	Lower Tooth of Leiodon	138
[40.]	Snout of Tylosaurus	143
[41.]	Skeleton of Clidastes cineriarum	145
[41a.]	Skull of Platecarpus	146
[42.]	Skeleton of Tinoceras ingens	150
[43.]	Skull of Dinoceras mirabile	151
[44.]	Cast of Brain-cavity of Dinoceras mirabile	152
[45.]	Skeleton of Brontops robustus	161
[46.]	Skull of Sivatherium giganteum	168
[47.]	Skeleton of Sivatherium giganteum	169
[48.]	Restored Figure of Gigantic Tortoise, Colossochelys atlas	171
[49.]	The Elephant victorious over the Tortoise, supporting the World, and unfolding the Mysteries of the “Fauna Sivalensis”	173
[50.]	Skeleton of Scelidotherium	184
[51.]	Extinct Gigantic Armadillo, Glyptodon clavipes	190
[52.]	Skeleton of Mammoth, Elephas primigenius	203
[53.]	Figure of the Mammoth, engraved on Mammoth Ivory	214
[54.]	Skeleton of Mastodon arvernensis	218
[55.]	Head of Woolly Rhinoceros	224
[56.]	Skeleton of the Elephant-footed Moa, Dinornis elephantopus	233
[57.]	Skeleton of Great Irish Deer, Cervus giganteus	242
[58.]	Skeleton of Rhytina gigas	247

EXTINCT MONSTERS.

INTRODUCTION.

“The earth hath gathered to her breast again
And yet again, the millions that were born
Of her unnumbered, unremembered tribes.”

Let us see if we can get some glimpses of the primæval inhabitants of the world, that lived and died while as yet there were no men and women having authority over the fishes of the sea and the fowls of the air.