[13] Conservateur Suisse, xlvi. p. 478, vol. xii.
[14] Bonney.
[15] The word "Alpine" is used in a general sense to denote the vegetation that grows naturally on the most elevated regions of the earth; that is, on all high mountains, whether they rise up in hot tropical plains or in cooler northern pastures.
[16] The following remarks are largely taken from the Introduction to Ball's well-known "Alpine Guide."
[17] Flowerless in the ordinary, not the botanical sense.
[18] We are again indebted to Professor Bonney's "Alpine Regions of Switzerland" for the information here given.
[19] Bonar on Chamois-hunting in Bavaria.
[20] The reader will find an account of the old red sandstone in the writer's "Autobiography of the Earth" (Edward Stanford, 1890).
[21] The flints usually found in limestone are also of organic origin.
[22] Schists are so named from their property of splitting into thin layers. Their structure is crystalline; and the layers, or folia, consist usually of two or more minerals, but sometimes of only one. Thus mica-schist consists of quartz and mica, each arranged in many folia, but it splits along the layers of mica.