(4) Upâdâna.

(5) Trishnâ.

(6) Vedanâ.

(7) Sparsha.

(8) Chadayâtana.

(9) Nâmarûpa.

(10) Vignâna.

(11) Samskâra.

(12) Avidyâ.[859]

(1) Jarâmarana, lit. death in consequence of decrepitude. Notice that death and not life comes as the first of the Nidânas. This is the first fundamental in Buddhist Philosophy; every Atom, at every moment, as soon as it is born begins dying.