The Manual deals historically with the founding and development of the National Capital. Beginning with the twentieth century we find a new impetus given to the development of the city by the McMillan Park Commission of 1901. Its work has been carried forward by the Commission of Fine Arts and the National Capital Park and Planning Commission, in cooperation with the Government of the District of Columbia, including the Zoning Commission; also, of course, in cooperation with the President of the United States, officials of the Government, and the Congress of the United States, which by virtue of the Federal Constitution exercises “exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever” over the District of Columbia.

It should be kept in mind that in the study of the National Capital we are studying the seat of government of the greatest nation in the world, a city that was laid on a broad, firm foundation, and although neglected for decades during the last century, the twentieth century has seen Washington transformed into a city in keeping with the dignity, power, and wealth of this great Nation.

The Plan of Washington is at the basis of city planning in the United States. The organization of the National Conference on City Planning in 1907 was inspired by the work of the McMillan Park Commission of 1901. Many of the leading artists of the country—architects, sculptors, painters, and landscape architects—have served in the work of beautifying the city. Washington is a city that is ever growing and it is destined to be the most beautiful city in the world.

The writer wishes to express his grateful appreciation to Senator Carl Hayden for having introduced the legislation to print this volume.

H. Paul Caemmerer.

THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PURCHASED FROM THE
SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
WASHINGTON, D. C. AT $2.00 A COPY (BUCKRAM)

CONTENTS

ChapterPage
IThe Federal City: Story of the Movement Which Established the Seat of Government Near the Potomac[1]
IIEstablishment of the Temporary and Permanent Seats of Government[7]
IIIDevelopment of the National Capital—The Plan of the City[13]
Site of the Federal City[13]
Terms of Original Agreement[15]
Boundary Stones of the District of Columbia[19]
Preliminary Studies[20]
IVMaj. Pierre Charles L’Enfant[23]
VThe L’Enfant Plan[25]
The Ellicott Plan—The L’Enfant Plan Enlarged[29]
VIEarly Washington[35]
VIIWashington 1810-1815[41]
VIIIWashington 1816-1839[45]
IXWashington 1840-1859[49]
XWashington 1860-1870[53]
XIImprovements Made During President Grant’s Administration[61]
XIIThe Influence of the Centennial Celebration and of the World’s Columbian Exposition on Art in the United States[65]
XIIIHighway Plan of the District of Columbia[69]
XIVThe McMillan Park Commission—The Plan of 1901[73]
XVNational Commission of Fine Arts[95]
XVIZoning of the Capital[101]
XVIIThe National Capital Park and Planning Commission[105]
XVIIIThe Lincoln Memorial and the Arlington Memorial Bridge[131]
XIXThe Parks of the District of Columbia[143]
XXArchitecture of Early Days[165]
XXIPublic and Semipublic Buildings[219]
XXIIThe Public-Buildings Program[293]
XXIIIThe Government of the District of Columbia[305]
XXIVArlington National Cemetery[309]
XXVStatues and Monuments[319]
Appendix[347]
List of Statues and Monuments in Washington[347]
Bibliographical List of Books on Washington the National Capital[353]
List of Presidents of the United States[355]
Quotations from Great Americans on Washington the National Capital[357]
Index[359]

ILLUSTRATIONS

Page
The heart of the Nation’s Capital[Frontispiece]
Adams Memorial, the[324]
Anacostia Park, plan of[160]
Aqueduct Bridge, old[180]
Arboretum, National, map of[162]
Arlington Cemetery, Arlington Mansion, and Fort Myer[308]
Arlington Mansion, reception hall[310]
Arlington Memorial Bridge[138]
Arlington Memorial Bridge, architect’s design[136]
Arlington Memorial Bridge development[141]
Arlington Memorial Bridge, eagle and fasces[139]
Arlington Memorial Bridge, eagle and bison head[137]
Arlington National Cemetery—Memorial Amphitheater[312]
Arlington National Cemetery—Maine Monument and the Memorial Amphitheater[316]
Arlington, plan for development of greater[142]
Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, old[73]
Boundary stone near Sixteenth Street NW.[19]
Boundary stones of the District of Columbia[17]
Boundary stones, three of the[18]
British Embassy[290]
Building regulations issued by President Washington[21]
Burke, statue of Edmund[344]
Burnham, Daniel H., on city planning[81]
Cabin John Bridge[214]
Capitol, the[220]
Capitol, the, 1840[49]
Capitol, the, 1870[60]
Capitol at night[222]
Capitol, basement plan of, 1800[171]
Capitol, bronze doors to the[225]
Capitol, bronze doors to the House of Representatives wing[229]
Capitol, bronze doors to the Senate wing[227]
Capitol, design by Thornton, 1800[165]
Capitol, from Pennsylvania Avenue, 1830[166]
Capitol, from the west, showing the Tripoli column[167]
Capitol Grounds and Union Station Plaza, 1917[96]
Capitol Grounds, treatment of the[297]
Capitol Prison, old[53]
Capitol, showing uncompleted dome, 1860[54]
Capitol, treatment for area west of the, plan of 1901[85]
Capitol upon its restoration, 1827[164]
Capitol, view from dome of, looking east[106]
Capitol, view of dome of the, looking south[107]
Central composition of the National Capital[100]
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, Georgetown, lock of the old[178]
Chesapeake & Ohio Canal, gatehouse[48]
Christ Church, Washington[189]
Christ Church, Alexandria, Va[120]
Christ Church burial ground, later known as Congressional Cemetery[44]
Columbia Island Plaza and Memorial Avenue[140]
Constitution Hall[278]
Dante, statue of[337]
Decatur House[176]
Declaration of Independence and the Constitution[251]
Dermott map, the[32]
District of Columbia Supreme Court Building[194]
Dolly Madison House[175]
Dupont Memorial Fountain[335]
East Capitol Street[111]
Ellicott plan, the[30]
Ellicott map, the[39]
Executive Building, 1820-66[267]
Fish market along the water front[115]
Folger Shakespeare Library[253]
Folger Shakespeare Library, exhibition hall[254]
Ford’s Theater[216]
Fort Drive[110]
Francis Scott Key Bridge[181]
Francis Scott Key House[183]
Freedom, statue of[223]
Gatehouse by Bulfinch, formerly near the Capitol[72]
Gatepost designed by Bulfinch, near the Capitol[63]
George Washington Memorial Parkway[114]
Georgetown, house of the early days in[184]
Government Printing Office, the United States[258]
Grand Army of the Republic Memorial[330]
Grand review of Union Army, May 1865[58]
Grant, Gen. U. S., memorial[338], [342]
Grant, Gen. U. S., memorial, Artillery group[341]
Grant, Gen. U. S., memorial, Cavalry group[340]
Great Falls of the Potomac[116]
Hamilton, statue of Alexander[345]
Haymarket Square, old[59]
Horse cars, view showing[61]
House of Representatives Chamber[231]
House of Representatives about 1820, painting by Samuel F. B. Morse[46]
House of Representatives Chamber, 1830[169]
House of Representatives Office Building, New[233]
House of Representatives Office Building, Old[233]
Italian Embassy[291]
Jackson, statue of Gen. Andrew[323]
Jeanne d’Arc, statue of[334]
Joaquin Miller Cabin in Rock Creek Park[159]
King map, the[33]
Lafayette Park, showing statue of Gen. Andrew Jackson[152]
Lafayette, statue of General[327]
L’Enfant, Maj. Pierre Charles[23]
L’Enfant plan, the[26]
L’Enfant plan, sketch of the[22]
L’Enfant, tomb of[317]
Library of Congress[244]
Library of Congress addition[248]
Library of Congress, grand staircase[246]
Library of Congress, reading room[249]
Lincoln died, house in which President[217]
Lincoln, second inaugural of President, 1865[56]
Lincoln Memorial, the[130], [154]
Lincoln Memorial and approaches, the[130]
Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Basin[134]
Lincoln Memorial, site of the, 1901[92]
Lincoln Memorial, statue of Abraham Lincoln[132]
Lincoln Memorial, Memorial Bridge, and Riverside Drive, plan of 1901[93]
Longfellow, statue of Henry Wadsworth[328]
Mall about 1890, view of the[64]
Mall, the, 1930[97]
Mall, view from the Washington Monument, looking east[295]
Mall, view from the Capitol dome, looking west[294]
Mall, the, inundated[79]
Mall and Monument Gardens, plan of 1901[88]
Mall, plan of the[90]
Mall, the, showing railroad tracks crossing it[78]
Meridian Hill Park, lower garden[156]
Meridian Hill Park, upper garden[156]
Mount Vernon[125]
Mount Vernon from the air[124]
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway[118]
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, bridge over Hunting Creek[121]
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, north of Little Hunting Creek[117]
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, bridge over Boundary Channel[119]
Mount Vernon Memorial Highway, underpass at highway bridge[121]
National Archives Building[282]
National Archives Building, mural paintings in[283]
National Gallery of Art[281]
National Geographic Society[278]
National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception[287]
New Hampshire Avenue[144]
Octagon House[174]
Old Tobacco Barn (old Christ Church)[188]
Park areas acquired to July 1, 1938[149]
Patent Office Building, Old[198]
Pennsylvania Avenue, plan of 1910, plan for developing south side[293]
Pennsylvania Avenue, between the Treasury and the Capitol[298]
Pennsylvania Railroad Station, old[77]
Pulaski, statue of Gen. Casimir[332]
Rock Creek Church[186]
Rock Creek Park, map of[158]
Senate Chamber[230]
Senate Chamber, 1830[168]
Senate Office Building[232]
Six Buildings, the[36]
Smithsonian Institution[255]
Soldiers’ Home, United States[212]
St. John’s Church[191]
St. John’s Church, early view of[192]
State Building, Department of, 1801[265]
State Building, Department of, when remodeled[264]
Thornton, Dr. William[197]
Treasury Building, Department of the[270]
Treasury Building, Department of the, 1855[52]
Treasury Building, site and material for, 1839[47]
Triangle group of public buildings along Constitution Avenue[280]
Tripoli Column, at Annapolis, Md[320]
Tudor Place, showing gardens on the east side[187]
Tudor Place, Thirty-first and Q Streets[185]
Unknown Soldier of the World War, the Tomb of the[314]
Union Square, plan of 1901[86]
Union Station[234]
Union Station, concourse[236]
Union Station, waiting room[238]
Union Station and Plaza, looking north from the dome of the Capitol[300]
United States Supreme Court Building[302]
United States Supreme Court Chamber[303]
Van Ness Mansion[177]
Wakefield, at Popes Creek, Westmoreland County, Va[127]
Wakefield, Washington family burying ground[129]
Washington and Wakefield, map showing[128]
Washington, 1852[50]
Washington, 1890[62]
Washington and environs, regional plan of[104]
Washington Cathedral[285]
Washington Cathedral, interior[286]
Washington City Post Office[242]
Washington, early, showing the Jefferson poplars[38]
Washington, view of early[34]
Washington from Arlington Heights, 1865[55]
Washington from Arlington, plan of 1901[76]
Washington from the President’s House, 1830[44]
Washington, the future[94]
Washington in 1792[12]
Washington in embryo[14]
Washington, looking north from the White House[70]
Washington, looking south from Sixteenth Street and Columbia Road[71]
Washington, model of the future, plan of 1901[75]
Washington, model of, showing conditions in 1901[74]
Washington, George, Houdon bust of[122]
Washington, George, statue of[322]
Washington, George, statue of Gen.[318]
Washington, tomb of[126]
Washington Monument, the[208]
Washington Monument, as seen from the Mall grounds[206]
Washington Monument, plan of the, by Robert Mills[200]
Washington Monument, uncompleted, as it appeared from 1852-78[204]
Washington Monument, under construction, 1872[202]
Washington Monument, view northwest from the[274]
Water front, plan for improvement of the[112]
White House, early view of the[170]
White House, north side[262]
White House, view showing terrace on south side, 1827[172]
Witherspoon, statue of John[329]
World’s Columbian Exposition, Court of Honor, looking east[66]
World’s Columbian Exposition, Court of Honor, looking west[67]
Zero milestone[336]