CHAPTER IV.
TRAFFIC.
Interests involved in construction and maintenance of streets — Requirements of a good roadway — Wearing effect of traffic — Mr. Deacon’s standard — Effect of horses’ hoofs on roadways — Remarks on shoeing — Traction on roads — Tables of resistance — Forces tending to destroy momentum — Table of tractive force, etc. — Another table giving inclinations — Proper gradients of roadways — Table of resistance by Crompton — Wheel resistance — Mr. Haywood and safety of traffic — Stopping and starting vehicles — Safe width of roadways — Vehicles and pedestrians passing each other — Sanctuaries — Danger of crossings
CHAPTER V.
MACADAMISED ROADWAYS.
Laying out new roads — Macadamised roads a luxury — Telford and Macadam — Specification of roadway, fifty years ago — Modern specification of roadway — Advantages of Telford’s system — Hard core — Concrete — Table of depths of materials — Ellice Clarke’s tables of comparative cost — Further particulars of comparative cost — Streets of Paris — Cross section of roadway — Objections to macadamised roadways — Notes on maintenance — Bituminous roadways
CHAPTER VI.
ROAD METAL AND BREAKING.
Test of fitness of stone — Primary investigations — Qualities necessary — List of stones used as road metal — Variety of materials used — Table of comparative efficiency of road metal in France — Hand-broken stone — Gauging the size — Quantity broken per diem — Machines for breaking stones — Price of machines — Work effected by machinery — Precautions necessary — Objections to machinery — Weight of broken stone — Specification for supply of road metal
CHAPTER VII.