Ceriops Candolleana, Bakau or Tengah Bark, East Indies. Goran, Bengal. Contains up to 27 per cent. of tannin and yields an extract which promises well as a substitute for cutch, to which, for dyeing purposes it is nearly or quite equal. The solid extract contains up to 65 per cent. tannin, making a good but dark red leather.
Ceriops Roxburghiana, a somewhat larger tree, also growing in the Sunderbans, bark very similar in strength and character to the above.
ONAGRACEÆ, the Œnothera Family.
Fuchsia excorticata, the only deciduous tree of New Zealand. Contains 5 per cent. tannin.
Fuchsia macrostemma, Chili. Yields Tilco or Chilco bark. Churco bark has been incorrectly attributed to this plant, but it is certainly derived from an oxalis, as stated by the Kew authorities. (Cp. von Höhnel, ‘Die Gerberinde,’ p. 125.)
GUNNERACEÆ.
Gunnera scabra (Pangue?), Pauke, Chili. Used occasionally in the tanning of goat-skins.
MYRTACEÆ.
Eucalyptus globulus, and other species of E. common in Australia, and introduced into Algeria and Southern Europe (gum-trees), are more or less rich in catechol-tannins, their sap being the source of Botany Bay or Australian kinos, which contain up to 79 per cent. tannin. Several species of Eucalyptus afford astringent extracts; those from the “red,” “white,” or “flooded” gum (E. rostrata), the “blood-wood” (E. corymbosa), and E. citriodora, being quite suitable for replacing the officinal kind. The gum is chiefly obtained by woodcutters, being found in a viscid state in flattened cavities in the wood, and soon becoming inspissated, hard and brittle. Minor quantities are procured by incising the bark of living trees; a treacly fluid yielding 35 per cent. of solid kino on evaporation is thus obtained. The gum is imported from Australia, but there are no statistics to show in what quantity.[146]
[146] Compare Journ. Soc. Chem. Ind., 1902, p. 159.