Figure 41— Prismatic flakes, cutting implements. Actual size.
Choppers or Hammerstones ([Fig. 42])
Forty-one implements are classified as choppers or hammerstones. Seventy percent of these are of rock quartz, 20 percent of a metamorphic rock, usually schist, and 10 percent of a grainy quartzite. Due to the nature of the material it is extremely difficult to determine whether such artifacts were used primarily as hammerstones or choppers. There are no small round heavily battered specimens which could be considered as hammerstones only. The pieces usually exhibit one sharp edge and one or more blunt battered edges. The first two lithic materials mentioned fracture rather easily, and the tools were probably used and discarded at will. Rock quartz and various metamorphic rocks are plentiful in the area, making such careless use practical; quartzite and flinty materials are rather scarce, (see below). The largest of these tools measures 5 × 5½ inches, the smallest 1¼ inches square.
Cores
Only eight specimens are considered to have been cores. Three are of quartzite, three of agate and two of fossilized wood. The largest is about 3 × 3 × 2 inches, the smallest about a one inch cube. All are irregular, none fluted or prismatic. Since there were so few cores it is believed that the primary work of preparing flakes took place elsewhere, perhaps at the source of the material.
Figure 42— Choppers and hammerstones, ½ actual size.
TABLE II
Artifacts exclusive of projectile points and ground stone
| Unique Artifacts | 16-20 | 20-24 | 24-28 | 28-32 | 32-36 | 36-40 | 40-44 | 44-48 | 48-52 | 52-56 | 56-60 | 60-64 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Knives, leaf-shaped | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |||||
| triangular | 2 | 1 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||
| flake | 1 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||
| Scrapers, end | 3 | 5 | 4 | 9 | 6 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 3 | |||
| side | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 1 | |||
| discoidal | 1 | 5 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 4 | ||||
| serrated | 1 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 3 | |||||||
| “Uncompahgre” | 2 | |||||||||||
| Spoke-shaves | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Projectile point | ||||||||||||
| drills | ||||||||||||
| expanded base | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||
| straight shafted | ||||||||||||
| Perforators | 1 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||
| Prismatic flakes, | ||||||||||||
| unmodified | 1 | 4 | 8 | 5 | 6 | 3 | ||||||
| cutting | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 6 | 2 | ||||||
| engraving | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| Gravers, others | ||||||||||||
| Small ovoid bifaces | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 7 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 3 | ||
| Utilized flakes | 1 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 14 | 1; |
| Chopper/hammerstones | 1 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 6 | 1 | |||
| Cores | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ||||||||
| Small stone ornaments or gaming pieces | 2 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Paint stones | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Bone awls, splinter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||
| with head | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| sliver | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |||||||
| undetermined | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| Rib/scapula knives | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Used bone splinters | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Flakers, antler | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| bone | 1 | |||||||||||
| Gaming pieces | 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | ||||||||
| Beads, tubular | 1 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 | ||||||
| Ornaments, tooth | 1 | |||||||||||
| bone | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||
| Mica, worked | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Leather fragments | 2 | |||||||||||
| Wood shafts | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Pottery, cordmarked, | ||||||||||||
| a | 2 | 2 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 10 | 6 | |||||
| b | 1 | 2 | 3 | 2 | ||||||||
| c | 2 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||||||
| Plain | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||||||
| A | B | C | D | |||||||||