[61] A gum.
[62] Salt recovered from salt-water by natural or artificial heat.
[63] Cream of tartar = bitartrate of potash.
[64] Kallinikos was probably a Syrian-Greek; Hertzberg, Gesch. der Byzantiner, &c., p. 58.
[65] Τότε Καλλίνικος ἀρχιτέκτων ἀπὸ Ἡλιουπόλεως Συρίας, προσφυγὼν τοῖς Ῥωμαίοις, πῦρ θαλάσσιον κατασκευάσας, τὰ τῶν Ἀράβων σκάφη ἐνέπρησεν καὶ σύμψυχα κατέκαυσεν. Καὶ οἱ Ῥωμαῖοι μετὰ νίκης ὑπέστρεψαν καὶ τὸ θαλάσσιον πῦρ εὗρον. Corp. Script. Hist. Byzant., ed. Niebuhr: “Theophanes,” A.M. 6165, A.C. 665; i. 542.
[66] Ἰστέον ὅτι ἐπὶ Κωνσταντίνου Πωγωνάτου ... Καλλίνικός τις ἀπὸ Ἡλιουπόλεως, Ῥωμαίοις προσφυγὼν, τὸ διὰ τῶν σιφώνων ἐκφερόμενον πῦρ ὑγρὸν κατεσκεύασε, δι’ οὗ καὶ τὸν τῶν Σαρακηνῶν στόλον ἐν Κυζίκῳ Ῥωμαῖοι καταφλέξαντες τὴν νίκην ἤραντο.
[67] K. K. Müller, in his Eine griechische Schrift über Seekrieg, 1882, p. 44, pertinently remarks that Jähns, who accepts this early date, can give no example of the use of sea-fire before the seventh century.
[68] “Traitors are often to be suspected even about your person” (ὑποπτεύονταί τινες προδόται καὶ παρά σοι πολλάκις ὄντες). Leo’s “Tactics,” xxi. 35.
[69] Revue des Deux Mondes, 15th Aug. 1891, p. 805.
[70] Μετὰ βροντῆς καὶ καπνοῦ “Tactics,” xix. 51.