Job II.—The second job was the construction of two abutments containing 434 cu. yds. of concrete for a viaduct at Ernst Street, Cincinnati, O. The abutments were constructed at the street and the excavation was clay and shale. Labor received $1.75 per day. The cost of materials and labor per cubic yard of concrete in place was as follows:

Materials—Per cu. yd.
376 bbls. cement at $1.70$1.48
224 cu. yds. sand at $1.200.64
255 cu. yds. stone at $1.551.00
Lumber0.40
Tools, hardware, etc.0.06
Total materials$3.58
Labor—
Clearing and excavating$1.12
Mixing and placing concrete1.13
Building forms, etc.0.25
——
Total labor$2.50
Total labor and materials$6.08

Job III.—This job consisted in placing 570 cu. yds. of concrete in the pedestals for a viaduct at Quebec Avenue, Cincinnati, O. The pedestals were 5 ft. square on top and from 8 to 20 ft. high. The location of the work was very inconvenient for the delivery of materials, all materials having to be teamed or wheeled. Labor was paid $1.75 per day. The cost of labor and materials per cubic yard of concrete in place was as follows:

Item.Per cu. yd.
500 bbls. cement at $1.60$1.40
239 cu. yds. sand at $1.250.53
560 cu. yds. stone at $1.881.84
Lumber0.38
Tools, hardware, etc.0.05
Labor2.96
——
Total labor and materials$7.16

Job IV.—This job consisted in placing 2,111 cu. yds. of concrete in a railway viaduct at Cincinnati, O. For one pier 56 ft. high the concrete was raised to place by a derrick; for the remainder of the work it was wheeled or teamed to place. Labor was paid $1.75 per day. The cost of labor and materials per cubic yard of concrete in place was as follows:

Item.Per cu. yd.
1,908 bbls. cement at $1.60$1.44
1,105 cu. yds. sand at $1.950.50
1,468 cu. yds. stone at $1.481.03
Lumber0.54
Tools, hardware, etc.0.25
Water0.03
Labor3.44
——
Total labor and materials$7.23


CHAPTER XIII.

METHODS AND COST OF CONSTRUCTING RETAINING WALLS.