WALL FOR RAILWAY YARD.—For building a retaining wall 7 ft. high, forms were made and placed by a carpenter and helper at $8 per M., wages being 35 cts. and 20 cts. an hour, respectively. Concrete materials were dumped from wagons alongside the mixing board. Ramming was unusually thorough. Foreman expense was high, due to small number in gang; 2 cu. yds. were laid per hour by the gang.
Fig. 111.—Corner Detail of Retaining Wall Forms, New York Central Terminal Work.
| Per day. | Per cu. yd. | |
| 7 mixers, 15 cts. per hour | $10.50 | $0.53 |
| 2 rammers, 15 cts. per hour | 3.00 | 0.15 |
| 1 foreman 30 cts. per hr., 1 waterboy 5 cts. | 3.50 | 0.17 |
| ——— | ——— | |
| Total labor | $17.00 | $0.85 |
The total cost was as follows per cubic yard:
| Per cu. yd. | |
| 0.8 bbls. Portland cement, at $2 | $1.60 |
| Sand | 0.30 |
| Gravel | 0.70 |
| Labor mixing and placing | 0.85 |
| Lumber for forms, at $16 per M. | 0.56 |
| Labor on forms, at $8 per M. | 0.28 |
| ——— | |
| Total, per cubic yard | $4.29 |
The sheathing plank for the forms was 2-in. hemlock.
CONCRETE FOOTING FOR RUBBLE MASONRY RETAINING WALL.—In constructing a footing for a retaining wall at Grand Rapids, Mich., a 1-2½-5 natural cement concrete was used. It was found that 1 cu. yd. of concrete was equivalent to 29.8 cu. ft. of material composed of 3.6 cu. ft. or 1.1 bbls. of cement, 8.4 cu. ft. or 2.7 bbls. of sand and 17.8 cu. ft. or 5.5 bbl. of broken stone. The labor cost of 15.5 cu. yds. of concrete was as follows:
| Item. | Total. | Per cu. yd. |
| Foreman, 14 hours at 40 cts. | $ 5.60 | $0.3613 |
| Foreman, 20 hours at 22.5 cts. | 4.50 | 0.2903 |
| Laborers, 49 hours at 12.5 cts. | 6.11 | 0.3942 |
| Mason, 2 hours at 35 cts. | 0.70 | 0.0451 |
| ——— | ———— | |
| Total labor | $16.91 | $1.0909 |