Plant II.—At this plant a Smith mixer was used with a loading floor 4 ft. above the ground, this low platform being made possible by having a hole or sump in which the skip receiving the concrete was set. A derrick handled the skips between the sump and the work. The batch was made up of 2 bags of cement, 2 barrows of sand and 4 barrows of stone. The output was 50 cu. yds. per day of 10 hours at the following cost:
| Item. | Per day. | Per cu. yd. |
| 1 man feeding mixer | $1.50 | $0.03 |
| 1 mixer runner | 2.50 | 0.05 |
| 1 derrick engineman | 2.50 | 0.05 |
| 2 tagmen swinging and dumping | 3.00 | 0.06 |
| 6 men wheeling materials | 9.00 | 0.18 |
| 2 men tamping concrete | 3.00 | 0.06 |
| 1 foreman | 3.00 | 0.06 |
| ——— | —— | |
| Totals | $24.50 | $0.49 |
The cost of fuel would add about 3 cts. per cubic yard to this amount.
SMALL ARCH CULVERT COSTS, PENNSYLVANIA R. R.—Mr. Alex. R. Holliday gives the following figures of cost of small concrete culvert work carried out under his direction. The culvert section used is shown in Fig. 171. This section gives a slightly larger waterway than a 36-in. cast iron pipe. Eight culverts, having an aggregate length of 306 ft. were built, using a mixture of Portland cement and limestone and screenings. Each culvert had a small spandrel wall at each end.
The work was done by a gang of six men, receiving the following wages:
| Foreman, | cents | per | hour | 27.5 |
| Assistant | " | " | " | 17.5 |
| Laborers | " | " | " | 15.0 |
| Teams | " | " | " | 35.0 |
The materials were hauled about 1 mile from railway to site of work. Cement, including freight and haulage, cost $1.97 per barrel. Limestone and screenings cost 50 cts. per cu. yd. f. o. b. at quarry. No freight charges are included in cost of any of the materials except cement. The cost of the 306 ft. of culvert was as follows:
| Item. | Total. | Per lin. ft. | Per cu. yd. |
| Labor | $443.14 | $1.45 | $3.35 |
| Stone and screenings | 78.50 | 0.25 | 0.60 |
| Cement | 307.53 | 1.01 | 2.34 |
| Forms | 12.00 | 0.04 | 0.09 |
| ——— | —— | —— | |
| Total | $841.17 | $2.75 | $6.38 |
Fig. 171.—Small Culverts, Pennsylvania R. R.