Sides.Columns and Footings.Bottom.Girders.Top.Average.
Cubic yards22.610.319.11120.083.
Preparing and cleaning up$0.166$0.060...$0.095...$0.065
Handling materials1.022.306$0.070.198$0.187.404
Cleaning out forms.040.......070.053.032
Mixing and placing1.542.728.353.7921.080.952
Ramming1.090.540.455.450.597.673
Handling steel.890.020....395.083.324
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Total$4.750$1.654$0.878$2.000$2.000$2.450

The total cost of labor was $203.35. The mixing was done entirely by hand. Some plastering was done to the walls after the forms were taken off, and the sides and bottom were washed with a brush with cement and water. The plastering cost $6.60, including a barrel of cement and the washing or grouting, two coats, cost $9.10, including a barrel of cement. This added a cost of 19 cts. per cubic yard to the concrete work, making the total cost per cubic yard $2.65.

It was a mistake to have mixed the concrete for the sides in the bottom of the reservoir, as it made two handlings of the materials and compelled all the concrete to be raised by hand to place it in the forms. This accounts for the high cost of these two items.

The handling of the steel was high for the side walls, as it was all separated and put into piles for the different panels and members in getting it out of the pile for the sides. The rammers not only rammed the concrete but they also bent down the prongs of the steel to get them in place in the narrow forms, and afterwards had to pull out these prongs. This had to be done for every piece of steel used, and readily doubled the cost of ramming. The high cost of ramming the top was caused by the fact that the 6 ins. of concrete had to be placed in three layers and each rammed. The steel handling was high on account of the prongs entangling the pieces with others, making them hard to handle. The cost of handling steel per ton was about $4, or 0.2 ct. per pound. The steel was all handled by common laborers.

The stock piles of material had to be made along a street and alley and thus caused the material to be handled in wheelbarrow several hundred feet.

The preparing to mix concrete, the cleaning up afterwards and the cleaning out of forms are items that are seldom kept separate from the others.

The cost of mixing and placing is high, owing to the fact that working space was small and the mixers had to wait until the concrete was taken off the board and placed in the forms before starting another batch. This also meant an increased cost in the ramming, as the rammers were idle some time waiting for a new batch to be mixed.

The total cost of concrete, including labor and materials, per cubic yard on a basis of the 83 cu. yds. was:

Per cu. yd.
Cement, 1⅓ bbls., @ $1.12$ 1.49
Stone, 1 cu. yd.1.86
Sand ½ cu. yd..60
Steel4.76
Forms, 100 ft. B. M., @ $18.301.85
Labor on forms2.41
Labor on concrete and steel2.65
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Total$15.62