No teeth on the palate .......... Anodontohyla.
Dyscophus antongili.–Madagascar. General appearance stout, with short legs and a wide mouth. Total length about 3 inches. The skin is mostly smooth, and forms a broad glandular fold which extends from the eye to the groin. The upper parts are beautiful magenta red, with a purplish streak beneath the lateral folds; the under parts are yellowish white, with minute grey specks. Red or pink colours, and the lateral folds, occur also in most of the other members of this family, for instance in the Indian genus Calluella.
Sub-Fam. 3. Genyophryninae.–With very small teeth on the anterior portion of the lower jaw.
Genyophryne thomsoni.–Pupil horizontal. Tongue oblong and entire. With teeth on the palatine bones, and a serrated transverse dermal ridge in front of the oesophagus. Sternum cartilaginous. Precoracoids absent. Sacral diapophyses moderately dilated. Tympanum hidden. Head large and much depressed. Heel with a triangular dermal flap. The smooth skin is pink brown above, with blackish marks; a light line extends on each side from the eye along the back. Under parts black. About 32 mm. in length. Sudest Island, between New Guinea and the Louisiade Archipelago.
Fam. 7. Ranidae.–Frogs, in the true sense, are all well diagnosed as Firmisternia, with cylindrical sacral diapophyses. According to the presence or absence of teeth in the jaws they can be subdivided as follows:–
Sub-Fam. 1. Ceratobatrachinae, with teeth in the upper and in the lower jaws. The sole representative is the genus Ceratobatrachus.
Sub-Fam. 2. Raninae, with teeth in the upper, but none in the lower jaw. These are the Ranidae of Boulenger in the Catalogue of Batrachia Salientia.
Sub-Fam. 3. Dendrobatinae, without teeth in the upper and lower jaws.
Sub-Fam. 1. Ceratobatrachinae.–Teeth present in both jaws. Those of the lower jaw, between 20 and 30 in number in Ceratobatrachus, the only genus, are nearly all inserted upon the articular bone; only 2 or 3 are carried by the dentary element, which, although large, enters into the formation of the upper border of the jaw at the anterior end only. In the small extent of the share of the dentary in the formation of the edge of the lower jaw, and in its anterior "toothlike" process, Rana adspersa of Africa bears unmistakable resemblance to this genus. The tongue is deeply notched, and free behind. Pupil horizontal. Vomers furnished with teeth. Tympanum distinct and large. Precoracoids present. Omosternum and presternum with a bony style. Sacral diapophyses cylindrical. Fingers and toes free, with swollen tips. Outer metatarsals united. Male with two internal vocal sacs.
G. guentheri, Solomon Islands, the only species, has an enormous mouth and a triangular head not much smaller than the rest of the body. The skull is furnished with prominent ridges and a small curved spine at the angle of the jaws. The hind-limbs are rather short. The skin of the upper parts shows linear ridges, variously arranged; that of the belly is granular. A triangular dermal flap on the tip of the muzzle, one on the upper edge of the eyelids, others on the heel and above the vent. The colour and markings are very variable, the ground-colour is yellowish to pink, brown, grey or olive, with darker and lighter markings. Total length of the males 3 inches, of females 3½ inches.–Guppy, the discoverer of this peculiar creature, remarks that "horned Frogs are very numerous in these islands, and so closely do they imitate their surroundings in colour and pattern, that on one occasion I captured one by accidentally placing my hand on it when clasping a tree."