G. Aschaffenburg: Das Verbrechen und seine Bekämpfung. Heidelberg, 1903.
R. Sommer: Kriminal-psychologie und straftrechtliche Psychopathologie. Leipzig, 1904.
APPENDIX C
FACTS AND DOCUMENTS OF POSITIVISM, 1841–1865
Preparatory Work, 1841–1850
1841. Joule: Thermogenic Effects of the Electric Current. Herschel: Philosophy of the Inductive Sciences. List: Das nationale System der politischen Ökonomie. 1842. R. Mayer: Erhaltung der Energie. R. Wagner: Handwörterbuch der Physiologie. A. Comte: Cours de philosophie positive. L. Feuerbach: Wesen des Christentums. 1843. J. S. Mill: Inductive Logic. Matteucci: Discovery of the Nerve-Current. 1844. Faraday: Electrical Conduction and the Nature of Matter. 1845. Discovery of the Electrical Incandescent Lamp. 1846. W. Weber: Electrodynamic Measurements. Discovery of Anæsthesia by Ether. 1847. Helmholtz: Die Erhaltung der Kraft (Conservation of Energy). Discovery of Anæsthesia by Chloroform. 1848. Quetelet: Du système social. Dubois-Reymond: Animal Electricity. Discovery of Gold in California. 1849. Discoveries of Bacillus of Anthrax and of Aniline Dyes. 1850. Herbert Spencer: Social Statics (Identity of Laws of Organic and Social Evolution).
Dominance of Positivism, 1851–1860.
1851–1860. Mileage of European Railway Systems increases by 250 per cent.
1851. Lyell: Principles of Geology. Lombroso: Concerning Marzolo’s “Monumenti storici rivelati dall’ analisi della parola.” Schopenhauer: Parerga und Paralipomena. Discovery of the Neanderthal Skull and Other Evidences of the Antiquity of Man. Helmholtz: Ophthalmoscope. Ruhmkorff: Induction Coil. Richard Wagner: Oper und Drama. Millet: Le Semeur; und Courbet: Das Begräbnis von Ornans. 1852. Moleschott: Kreislauf des Lebens. 1855. Pflüger: Electrotonus. Naegeli: Investigations Regarding Vegetable Physiology. Büchner: Kraft und Stoff (Force and Matter). Faraday: Magnetic Philosophy. Discovery of Hot-air Engine, of Bessemer Steel, and of Aniline-violet. Walt Whitman: Leaves of Grass. 1856. Discovery of the Annular Kiln, of the Regenerative Gas Furnace, and of the Mercurial Air-pump. J. von Liebig: Theory and Practice of Agriculture. Le Play: Les Ouvriers Européens.
The Four Classical Years of Positivism, 1857–1860.
1857. Bunsen: Exact Methods for the Analysis of Gases. Morel: Traité des Dégénérescences. Marx: Materialist Conception of History. Buckle: History of Civilization. Tocqueville: La Révolution et l’Ancien Régime. Flaubert: Madame Bovary. 1858. Virchow: Cellularpathologie. M. Schiff: Lehrbuch der Physiologie.