[6]. In Pavia, in 1871, he was appointed, in addition, lecturer on forensic medicine and hygiene.
[7]. Lombroso, as professor of forensic medicine, was also a member of the legal faculty. From 1896 onwards he held, in addition, the position of professor-in-ordinary of psychiatry and superintendent of the psychiatric clinic. As early as 1891 he had received the appointment of professor-extraordinary of psychiatry. In the year 1900, the Minister of Education (L. Bianchi) appointed him professor-in-ordinary of criminal anthropology, whilst he retained the professorship of psychiatry.
[8]. The title given by the author, then only nineteen years of age, to this study of important relations of correlation, does not give an adequate notion of the real contents of the essay.
[9]. These two works, with two publications regarding criminal lunatics (1871), and the “Antropometria di 400 delinquenti veneti” (R.C. dell’ Istituto Lombardo, fasc. 12) form the nucleus of his subsequent work on “L’ uomo delinquente.”
[10]. A. Baer, one of the fiercest opponents of criminal anthropology, pushes his criticism so far as to maintain in his leading work “that the formation of the skull is in no way dependent upon that of the brain.” The book, upon p. 12 of which will be found this monumental nonsense, is entitled by Baer “Der Verbrecher in anthropologischer Beziehung” (“The Criminal from the Anthropological Standpoint”), Leipzig, 1893.
[11]. “Iets over criminelle Anthropologie,” Haarlem, 1896; P. H. J. Berends, “Eenige Schedelmaten van Recruten, Mordenaars, Paranoisten, Epileptici, en Imbecillen,” Nymegen, 1896.
[12]. The “Inca bone” will be found figured in Toldt’s “Atlas of Human Anatomy” (London: Rebman, Limited), p. 100, fig. 218, where it is described as “a large Wormian bone in the uppermost part of the lambdoid suture.”
[13]. Certain peculiarities are discoverable in the brains of criminals which are not yet explicable on comparative anatomical considerations. I have described these as atypical, and in my “Natural History of the Criminal” I have collected and discussed them. Since the date of publication of this work (1893) only one extensive investigation of the brains of criminals has been undertaken, and in this the number of brains dealt with was about equal to the number examined in all the previous investigations put together. In so far as it furnishes any new particulars, this investigation confirms the doctrine of criminal anthropology, a fact of especial interest for the reason that the brains examined were chiefly those of women (Leggiardi-Laura, Rivista di sc. biologiche, ii., 4–5, 1900; ibid., Giorn. de le R. Accademia di Torino, 1900, fasc. 5).
[14]. The ear-point, or tubercle of Darwin, is a small prominence on the edge of the helix, an atavistic vestige of the former point of the ear. It is sometimes called Woolner’s tip, Darwin’s attention having been drawn to this prominence by the sculptor Woolner (Toldt’s “Atlas of Human Anatomy,” London, Rebman, Limited).
[15]. The Germans speak of thieves as being langfingerig, “long-fingered,” in the same sense in which we in England speak of them as “light-fingered.”—Translator.