(2) Babesia bigemina (Smith and Kilborne) produces Texas fever, tristeza, or red-water in cattle in North and South America, South Africa and Australia. It is transmitted by Boöphilus annulatus in North America, by B. australis in Australia, South America, and the Philippines, and by B. decoloratus in South Africa.
The parasite is from 2 µ to 4 µ long, and from 1·5 µ to 2 µ broad.
Babesia bigemina may be the same parasite as B. bovis.
(3) Babesia divergens (MacFadyean and Stockman) is a small parasite. It is found in cattle suffering from red-water in Norway, Germany, Russia, Hungary, Ireland, Finland, and France, and is transmitted by Ixodes ricinus.
(4) Babesia canis (Piana and Galli-Valerio) gives rise to malignant jaundice or infectious icterus in dogs in Southern Europe, India, and other parts of Asia and North Africa, where it is transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In Africa generally, especially South Africa, the disease is transmitted by Hæmaphysalis leachi. Babesia canis varies from 0·7 µ to 5 µ, the size depending partly on the number of parasites within the corpuscle. It averages about 3 µ. It has been cultivated in Bass’ medium (glucose and infected blood), see p. [172].
In India Piroplasma gibsoni (Patton) infects hunt dogs and jackals. It is annular or oval in shape.
(5) Babesia ovis (Babes) produces “Carceag,” a disease of sheep in Roumania, the Balkan Peninsula, Italy, and Transcaucasia. It varies in size from 1 µ to 3 µ. It is transmitted by Rhipicephalus bursa. The parasite has recently been recorded from Rhodesia.
(6) Babesia caballi (Nuttall and Strickland) causes “biliary fever” in equines. The parasite occurs in Russia, Roumania, and Transcaucasia. It varies in size from 1 µ to 2 µ. It is transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus.
It should be mentioned that Nuttallia equi also causes “piroplasmosis” in equines, with symptoms of hæmoglobinuria and jaundice in Italy, Sardinia, many parts of Africa, Transcaucasia, India, and Brazil. In Africa it is transmitted by Rhipicephalus evertsi. It has been shown experimentally that a horse recovered from Babesia caballi was susceptible to the inoculation of Nuttallia equi blood.
(7) Babesia pitheci (P. H. Ross) was found in a monkey, Cercopithecus sp., in Uganda. The pear-shaped forms measure 1·5 µ by 2·5 µ.