Morbid Anatomy.—Organs pale and bloodless. Abdominal organs sodden, and there is fluid in the serous cavities. Lungs: œdema. Kidneys: fatty changes, especially large pale kidney. Liver and heart also show fatty changes—there is much hæmosiderin in the liver cells. Blood: early stages, a leucocytosis 20,000 upwards, and eosinophilia 50 per cent. Later, anæmia (hydræmia). The number of worms found varies from ten to 1,000. They are rare in the duodenum, but occur as far as 6 ft. from the pylorus.
Group. Syngameæ, Railliet and Henry, 1909.
Bursa with anterior and median ray cleft; antero-external, close to median; postero-external, arising separately from posterior; posterior bifurcate to base, each branch bifurcate or trifurcate. Vulva in the anterior fourth of body. Uteri divergent.
Genus. Syngamus, von Siebold, 1836.
Head thickened, not tapering; broad mouth with gaping buccal capsule.
Male and female often in permanent copulâ.
Parasitic in respiratory passages of birds and mammals.
Habitat.—S. trachealis in poultry; S. bronchialis in goose; S. laryngeus in cattle; S. vasicola in goats, etc.
Syngamus kingi, Leiper, 1913.
Buccal capsules of male and female on same level. In S. trachealis and S. laryngeus, that of male in front of that of female. In S. dispar, that of male behind that of female. Œsophagus of male one-sixth, that of female one-ninth of total length. Mouth capsule in male and female terminal; it is dorsal in S. trachealis and in mammalian species. Tail of female bluntly pointed. Ovary reaches to anus. Excretory pore opposite the middle of the bulb of œsophagus. In S. trachealis it is opposite the œsophageal valves.