[291] Abnormal migrations of this species have also been known. Compare, amongst others, Stieda, A., “Durchbohr. d. Duod. u. d. Pancreas durch eine Tænia,” Centralbl. f. Bakt., Path. und Infektionsk., 1900, xxviii (1), p. 430.
[292] In Iceland 28 per cent. of the dogs are infected with this Tænia, in Lyons 7·1 per cent., in Zurich 3·9 per cent., in Berlin 1 per cent., and in Copenhagen 0·4 per cent. In Australia even 40 to 50 per cent. of the dogs are affected. It is, however, a question whether, in addition to Tænia echinococcus, a second analogous form is not involved, as the form from Canis dingo attains a length of 10 to 30 mm.
[293] Mosler, F., “Ueb. Mittel z. Bekampfg. endem. vork. Echinococcuskrank.,” Deutsch. med. Zeit., 1889, No. 72.
[294] In such cases the toxic effects of the echinococcus fluid usually—if not always—manifest themselves. Such effects are manifested by severe symptoms of poisoning being set up, by urticaria, peritonitis, and ascites, and not infrequently they cause a fatal termination.
[295] According to Perroncito the scolices had not formed proglottids nine days after feeding, but the latter were present twenty-four days after feeding, although the formation of eggs had not begun.
[296] This may perhaps be explained by the fact that the hosts are slaughtered before the parasites have attained the size or other conditions necessary to disintegration.
[297] In the Ascaridæ isolated epidermal cells grow to a considerable size, and have to do with the sensory apparatus of the lips (Goldschmidt).
[298] In Ankylostomes according to Looss these cells have no glandular function, but are ligaments.
[299] As a case published by Teissier shows, they may also abnormally appear in the blood (Arch. méd. expér. et d’An. path., 1895, vii, p. 675).
[300] The larvæ resemble those of Cucullanus elegans parasitic in the perch (Perca fluviatilis). The larvæ of this species develop in Cyclops sp. Fedschenko in 1870, at Leuckart’s suggestion, succeeded in observing the invasion of Cyclops by Guinea worm larvae. They penetrate not per os but through the exoskeleton. Newly hatched larvæ (in bananas) will cause infection of monkeys.