Sewerage and Sewage Treatment

by Harold E. Babbitt

[155]. Municipal Engineering, Vol. 54, p. 149.

[156]. Eng. Record, Vol. 68, 1913, p. 452.

[157]. Am. Sewerage Practice, Vol. III, p. 437.

[158]. Trans. Am. Society Civil Engineers, Vol. 83, 1920, p. 337.

[159]. Eng. News-Record, Vol. 83, 1919, p. 510.

[160]. See Eng. News, Vol. 70, 1913, p. 1112; Eng. Record, Vol. 68, 1913, p. 440, and Eng. News, Vol. 75, 1916, p. 1028.

[161]. See Eng. Record, Vol. 67, 1913, p. 232.

[162]. The use of half-spray nozzles is not always advocated as it is considered that their use does not markedly improve the distribution. Where half nozzles are used, a margin of 18 inches to 2 feet should be allowed between the edge of the filter and the nozzle, to prevent the blowing of raw sewage from the filter.

[163]. From paper by E. G. Bradbury in Proceedings of the Ohio Eng. Society, 1910, p. 79.

[164]. The effective size of sand is the diameter in millimeters of the largest grain in that 10 per cent, by weight, of the material which contains the smallest grains.