GRAY WOLF
Canis lupus
To many weary emigrants crouched beside their campfires along the rutted wagon trails which lead onward into the west and to many lonely homesteaders sitting in their cabins on a wintry night the eerie sound of the long deep howl of the Gray Wolf, drifting along on the night wind, gave a feeling of foreboding and a threat of the sinister. Actually the wolf’s howl is very much like that of a large dog and the wild setting is required to give the feeling that it imparts to the listeners.
This animal has been known under the various names of Gray Wolf; Timber Wolf; Lobo; Loafer and Buffalo Wolf.
Gray Wolf
Once widely distributed over most of the United States the several species of wolves have been exterminated over most of their range and are now restricted to a few of the more remote areas. The wolf is almost entirely carnivorous in food habits with a preference for the larger wild animals and domestic stock when available and so has been persistently hunted by man. Due to their larger size, appetites and different characteristics from those of the coyote the wolves were not able to adapt themselves to the inroads of civilization and so have been pushed continually farther back into the unsettled areas and may soon vanish entirely from the scene.
Wolves became rather numerous at different times in the earlier days of this park’s history. They were persistently hunted during the period of the Army administration and for a time after the National Park Service took over the administration, until the time that the policy of letting the predators carry on their own natural existence unmolested was established. During this first period the numbers of the wolves were so depleted that today they are very rare in the park area.
Park visitors frequently mistake one of the larger coyotes for a wolf and report it as such. But to a person familiar with both animals there is a decided difference. The average wolf is nearly twice as heavy as a coyote, larger and more powerful, with larger legs and feet and a broader head and muzzle. They are seldom seen from the highways except possibly in the winter and there have been no more than one or two authentic sight records of the animals or their tracks reported annually in recent years.
Wolves ordinarily utilize either a natural cave, a hollow log, a hole dug in the ground by themselves or one dug by other animals, for a nursery den. According to several authorities, the nest for the young is not lined with any material. The young, numbering from 3 to 13 but usually 6 to 8, are born in March or April. They are blind and nearly naked. Most evidence found in available literature indicates that the adults pair permanently and the male assists in securing food for the family.
General description: Much like a large dog, larger, heavier and more powerful than the coyote. There is no color difference between males and females and the individual varies little if any in color during the different seasons of the year. However, there is a great color variation between different individuals, the color ranging from gray, either light or dark, sprinkled with black or darkish on upper parts and yellowish white underparts to dark and almost black individuals. Males are largest, averaging from 75 to 100 pounds or more in weight and over five feet in length. Females from 60 to 80 pounds and slightly under five feet.