The Enclosures in England: An Economic Reconstruction

by Harriett Bradley Fitt

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INDEX

Abbot's Ripton, [61]
Arable, [11];
area reduced, [22], [24], [27], [54-56], [70], [80];
barren, [12], [16-17], [23], [47], [49], [55-56], [58], [62], [70], [72], [79], [81], [97-99], [101], [106];
fertility restored, [13], [41-42], [46-47], [81-82], [98-99], [101], [103];
converted to pasture, [11-12], [14], [18-19], [23], [27-28], [30], [32], [35-36], [58], [71], [84], [88], [90], [99];
cultivation resumed, [12], [15-16], [31], [33], [84], [99-101];
lea strips, [41], [79-84], [87], [106];
enclosed, [83-84], [102]
Ashley, [33]
Bacon, [99]
Bailiff-farming, [50], [70], [73-74]
Ballard, [20], [50], [59-60], [63], [70], [77]
Barley, [37], [56]
Beggars, [70]
Berkeley estates, [23], [27], [58], [63], [83]
Black Death, [16], [18-23], [38], [41], [56-57], [60], [67]
Bolam, [80]
Bond land deserted, [16], [21], [56-57], [60-61], [66], [70], [72];
refused, [59];
no competition for, [21];
vacant, [22-23], [57-58], [62], [66], [72];
compulsory holding of, [21], [57], [59-60], [62], [72];
leased, [23], [57], [62], [75-76];
rents of, [16], [20-21], [57-58], [63], [66-68]
Brightwell, [68]
Burwell, [61]
Cattle, [48-49], [69], [91], [102]
Carew, Survey of Cornwell, [33]
Chatteris, [70]
Clover, [102], [104]
Combe, [51]
Commissions on enclosure, engrossing, etc., [15], [30], [84]
Common-field system, [11], [48], [85];
stability of, [82], [85], [87], [103];
disintegration of, [Chapter III]
Commutation of villain services, [19], [56-57], [64-69], [73], [105]
Concessions to villains, [57], [59], [62-64], [66], [69];
see [villain services], [rents]
Conversion, arable to pasture, [11-12], [14], [18-19], [23], [27-28], [30], [32], [35-36], [39-43], [58], [71], [84], [88], [90], [99];
pasture to arable, [19], [31], [34-36], [39-43], [84];
both, [19], [35-36], [39-43], [84];
reconversion of open-field land formerly laid to grass, [13], [15-16], [31], [33], [84], [99-101]
Convertible husbandry, [41-42], [81-82], [84], [102]
Corbett, [78]
Corn-laws, [33-34]
Cornwall, [33]
Cost of living, [92]
Crawley, [59]
Crops, [48], [102-104]
Cross-plowing, [78]
Cunningham, [32]
Curtler, [13]
Demesne, leased, [19-20], [57], [73];
intermixed with tenant land, [94-95]
Denton, [13], [27], [91]
Depopulation, [27-30], [94], [96]
Desertion, [16], [21], [56-57], [60-61], [66], [70], [72]
Downton, [50], [68]
East Brandon, [79]
Emparking, [27]
Enclosed land, pasture, [33], [87];
tilled, [83-84], [102];
convertible husbandry, [41-42], [81], [84], [101-102]
Enclosure, defined, [11-12];
progress of, [27-43], [87-88];
early, [16], [18-19], [22-23], [27], [58];
seventeenth century, [12], [17], [31], [35-37], [39], [88];
eighteenth century, [31], [103-104];
causes, see [productivity], [soil-exhaustion], [prices];
social consequences, [15], [29-30], [97], see [depopulation], [unemployment], [eviction];
literature of, [14-15];
opposition to, [82], [93];
effect on quality of wool, [33];
for sheep-farming, [12], [19], [22], [24], [28], [37], [42-44], [83-84], [87-88], [90], [96], [98];
enclosed land cultivated, [83-84], [102]
Engrossing, [75];
see [holdings, amalgamation of]
Eviction of tenants, [12], [15], [27], [30], [38], [90], [94], [96]
Fallow, [11], [47], [85], [87], [106];
see [pasture], [lea land]
Fertility, see [productivity], [soil-exhaustion];
fertility restored, [13], [41-42], [46-47], [81-82], [98-99], [101], [103]
Fines, [59]
Fitzherbert, [41], [77-79], [81-82], [91]
Forage, [49], [91], [102]
Forncett, [51], [61], [63], [84]
Gay, Professor E. F., [15], [96], [102]
Gonner, E. C. K., [13], [88]
Gorleston, [77]
Grafton Park, [34]
Gras, Norman, [51]
Gray, H. L., [79]
Grazing, [11], [18], [46];
profits from, [80];
see [sheep-farming], [pasture]
Hales, John, [86], [89], [92], [100]
Harrison, Description of Britain, [89]
Hasbach, [13]
Hawsted, [100]
Hay, [48-49], [91], [102]
Heriots, [69]
Holdings, deserted, [16], [21], [56-57], [60-61], [66], [70], [72];
refused by heir, [59];
vacant, [22-23], [57-58], [62], [66], [72];
intermixed, [11], [77-78], [85], [94-95];
amalgamated, [12], [56], [74-75];
divided, [76]
Holway, [41]
Houses, destruction of, [90]
Husbandry, Anonymous, [51]
Innes, [32]
Isle of Wight, [28], [76]
Labor, supply of, [18], [22-23], [38], [41];
see [wages], [unemployment]
Landlords, enclosure by, [12], [96], [100], [106]
Leadam, [102]
Lea-land, [41], [79], [80-84], [87], [106]
Lee, Joseph, [101]
Leicestershire, [15]
Leonard, E. M., [15], [27], [35-36], [40], [88]
Levett, A. E., [20], [50], [59-60], [63], [70], [77]
Manorial system, readjustments in fourteenth century, [19] et seq.
Manure, [41-42], [46-50], [78], [90], [102];
see [sheep-fold], [marl]

Markets, local, [105]
Marl, [46], [50], [90-91], [104]
Meadow, [48-49]
Meredith, [32]
Merton College, [51]
Money-economy, [105];
see [commutation of services]
Monson, Lord, [34]
More, Sir Thomas, [29-30]
Nailesbourne, [60], [64]
North, Lord, [90]
Northwald, [104]
Open-field land, see [common-field system], [enclosures], [lea-land]
Page, [60-61], [68]
Pasture, waste, [46], [49], [93];
fallow pasture, [11], [49], [82], [85], [93];
lea strips, [41], [79-84], [87], [106];
enclosed, [33], [82], [87];
converted to arable, [19], [31], [34], [36], [39-43], [84];
profits of, [12], [18], [30], [32-33], [107];
leased, [100]
Pauperism, see [poverty]
Pembroke, [41]
Population, [34]
Poverty, villains, [16], [21], [56], [59], [67-69], [72], [106];
small tenants, [87], [90-91], [97]
Prices, sixteenth century, [92];
wool and wheat, [12], [17-19], [24-33], [36-37], [40], [53];
seventeenth century, [36-37]
Productivity, [14], [38], [41], [44-48], [50-56], [90];
see [soil-exhaustion]
Profits, tillage, [22], [34], [39], [41], [58], [70], [72], [89-92];
pasture, [12], [18], [30], [32-33], [96], [107]
Protests against enclosures, [14-15], [38]
Prothero, [13]
Reconversion, pasture to arable, [12], [15-16], [31], [33], [84], [90], [101]
Rents, [16], [20-21], [57-58], [63], [66-68], [73], [89-90], [95]
Rogers, J. T., [17], [26], [31], [39]
Rotation of crops, [11], [103-104]
Rothamsted Experiment Station, [44]
Rous, [27], [88]
Russell, [44], [46-47], [49]
Seager, [17]
Seligman, [17]
Sheep, [12], [29]
Sheep-farming, [12], [19], [22], [24], [28], [37], [42-44], [83-84], [87-88], [90], [96], [98]
Sheep-fold, [49-50]
Simkhovitch, [13], [17], [47-48], [91]
Smyth, John, [23], [58]
Soil-exhaustion, [12], [16-17], [23], [47], [49], [55-56], [58], [62], [70], [72], [79-81], [97-99], [101], [106]
Statutes of husbandry, [28], [30], [39-40], [75-76], [88], [97-99]
Stiffkey, [103]
Stock and land lease, [73]
Strips, [11], [85], [94-95];
exchanged, [77]
Tawney, [77]
Tenants, elimination of, [87];
evicted, [12], [15], [27], [30], [38], [90], [94], [96];
poverty, [87], [90-91], [97];
enclosure by, [15], [82-87];
opposition to enclosure, [82], [93];
rents of, [89-90], [95]
Therfield, [60], [61]
Turf-borders, [11];
plowed under, [78]
Turnips, [102-104]
Tusser, [41], [79], [82]
Twyford, [59]
Unemployment, [28], [30], [38]
Utopia, [29-30]

Villains, poverty, [16], [21], [56], [59], [67-69], [72], [106];
compelled to take land, [21], [57], [59-60], [62], [72];
desertion of, [16], [21], [56-57], [60-61], [66], [70], [72];
social status with relation to commutation, [20], [57], [65], [67-68]
Villain-services, [58-59;]
reduced, [21], [62-64], [72];
commuted, [19-20], [56-57], [62], [64-69], [73], [105];
sold, [64], [66], [105];
excused, [70-71];
leased, [73];
retained, [67]
Vinogradoff, [65-66]
Virgate, [74];
value of services, [62-63]
Wages, [18], [36-39], [72-73]
Walter of Henley, [51], [53]
Waste, [12], [46], [49], [93], [98]
Westmoreland, Countess of, [36]
Weston, [61], [68]
Westwick, [80]
Wheat, yield, [47], [50-56], [90];
prices, [12], [17-19], [24-31], [32-33], [36-37], [40], [53]
Whorlton, [80]
Winchester, Bishopric of, [20], [50], [51-54], [60-61], [63], [70], [77]
Witney, [51-53], [55-56], [67-68]
Wool, demand for, [12], [22], [24-25], [29], [32], [42], [43;]
price of, [12], [17-19], [22], [24-33];
quality, [33]
Woollen industry, expansion of, [12], [22], [24-25]
Woolston, [59]
Young, Arthur, [104]

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