5. The hearts.—The heart in Eng was situated nearer the median line than normal. The abdominal incision was very unfavorable for studying its exact position in the mediastinum. It was removed through an opening made in the diaphragm. The right side of the heart was occupied by a soft grumous clot much smaller than was found in the same locality in Chang, and which did not distend the cavities. The left side was normal. It was without clot so far as could be determined in the injected condition of the ventricle.
The heart of Chang presented a right auricle and ventricle distended with a dense venous clot; this extended from the right ventricle along the pulmonary arteries. The left side of the heart was empty.
The ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale were firmly closed in both hearts.
6. The vessels.—The arteries of both subjects were, so far as examined, in an extremely atheromatous condition. Large plates of calcareous matter were deposited in the abdominal aortas. The injecting matter flowed insufficiently in the left lower extremity of Chang, from a clot plugging the femoral artery.
The venous system of Chang was engorged, giving the appearance of these vessels having been injected after death; that of Eng was comparatively empty.
7. The lungs.—The lungs were so altered by post-mortem changes prior to embalming, their contraction by the chloride of zinc, and their increase of weight from the plaster, that no extended examination was made of them. But little difference was seen between the conditions of the lungs in the two men. No hepatization was present in Chang.
8. The vertebral column and ribs.—There was marked lateral curvature of the vertebral column in both bodies. This was more conspicuous in Chang. The convexity of the curve was about half-way down the vertebral column, and inclined in Chang to the right side. The distance from the centre of the vertebral column to the left abdominal wall, 2 in.; to the right abdominal wall, 5 in. The left side of the abdominal cavity, measuring from about the level of the band to the last rib of the right side, 7-1/2 inches.
The ribs in both Chang and Eng were 22 in number, 7 true and 4 false. On the right side of Eng the first, second, and third ribs were normal. The fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh presented diminished intercostal spaces, owing probably to the extreme traction made on them by the deflection of the ensiform cartilages. The intercostal space between the third and fourth ribs was slightly contracted; that between the fourth and fifth ribs was very much contracted, the muscle being bulged inward. Between the fifth and sixth, and sixth and seventh ribs the space was less contracted. The remaining intercostal spaces were about normal. The fifth rib near its articulation with the vertebral column formed a well-defined ridge within the thorax, carrying with it the sixth and seventh ribs, thus forming a rounded elevation, distinguishing the positions of these ribs from the thoracic wall above and below this point, where the parietal surface presented the usual concave appearance.
On the left side of Chang a similar arrangement of ribs and intercostal spaces was seen to the above.
The remaining organs were not examined.