But that thy nature is no mate for his.
That is the love-charm: woman, ’tis not beauty
That witcheth bridegrooms, nay, but nobleness.
Philtres were in actual use beyond mythological times. Xenophon (c. 430–354 B.C.), the Greek historian, author of Memorabilia, alludes to the practice:
“They say,” replied Socrates, “that there are certain incantations which those who know them chant to whomsoever they please, and thus make them their friends; and that there are also love potions which those who know them administer to whomso they will; and are in consequence loved by them.”
Propertius, however, the Roman elegiac poet (c. 48 B.C.–16 B.C.), refers to the futility of love potions:
Here herbs are of no avail,
nor nocturnal Cytaeis,