Geometrical design uses simple materials, being the oldest of the elements of decoration. The implements of savages and the tattooing of the Indians prove this. From the first crude expressions of the original squares, circles, zigzag lines, and sundry simple combinations, gradual development led finally to the delicate forms of Moorish design. The elaboration of this style involves deep mathematical problems and careful draftsmanship.
The majority of geometrical ornaments may be divided into three groups. As we find them in typographical material these groups are bands or borders, made up visually of repeated units or spots; enclosed spaces or panels; and unlimited flat patterns or “all-over” designs.
Fig. 27. The development of a motif (stems, leaves, and berries) into a
decorative spot. Diagram in the upper corner shows the geometrical
arrangement of the material. The spot has been repeated to form a band.
Fig. 28. Development of the motif used in [Fig. 27] into a natural ornament.
The forms and growth are not distorted but the rendering is in flat surfaces to hold the decorative quality.