Bedrock Geology of the Central Champlain Valley of Vermont, by Charles W. Welby, 1961. Vermont Geological Survey Bulletin 14. Standard work for the geology in the region of Button Bay State Park.
Paleontology of the Champlain Basin in Vermont, by C. W. Welby, Vermont Geology Series, Vermont Geological Survey. A treatise on the paleontology of the Champlain Basin designed for the amateur. In press.
Index Fossils of North America, by H. W. Shimer and R. R. Shrock, 1944, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York. Contains many plates depicting several of the fossils found in and adjacent to Button Bay State Park.
Footnotes
[1]Most of the information for this section was graciously supplied by Clara E. Follette, Librarian and Museum Director, Vermont Historical Society, Montpelier, Vermont, in a letter to the author dated April 26, 1961.
[2]“The governors (and other gentlemen) appear to have included Sir Henry Moore, Governor of New York, General Carleton, Governor of Quebec, Brig. General Philip Schuyler (and Adolphus Benzel, map maker). The activities of these persons on the lake at that time were evidently concerned with making observations, primarily to determine boundaries.”
[3]Seely, H. M., 1910, Preliminary Report of the Geology of Addison County; Vermont State Geologist, 7th Biennial Report, p. 257-315.
[4]Concretions consist of concentrations of certain chemical elements and compounds into regular or irregular masses. Many times the center of a concretion consists of a definite nucleus such as a grain of sand or shell fragment. For a general idea of the size and shape of the concretions seen along the Button Bay State Park beach see [Fig. 3] and [cover picture].
[5]These clays were deposited from marine waters which flooded the Champlain Valley after the final retreat of the glaciers which completely covered New England during the “Great Ice Age” or Pleistocene Epoch. The Pleistocene Epoch began approximately one million years ago and if the age of the Earth is considered to be five billion (5,000 million) years, then, the clays do record recent geologic history.
[6]As the weight of the ice was removed from the Hudson Valley region the earth’s crust, in way of adjustment to this removal of weight, slowly began to rise. Some geologists doubt whether the removal of ice weight alone can account for the crustal rise and propose other internal forces as partly or wholly responsible. The fact remains that the earth’s crust did rise in this area.