Principles and practice of agricultural analysis. Volume 2 (of 3), Fertilizers

by Harvey Washington Wiley

Influence of Temperature.

• (A) = Temperature, degrees C.
• (B) = Citrate-soluble phosphoric acid.
• (C) = Total phosphoric acid.

Material.	Authority.		Time of digestion.		(A)	(B) Per cent.	(C) Per cent.
Apatite	T. S. Gladding[114]		½	hour	40	0.30
Canadian,			½	“	65	0.56
Orchilla guano,	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	40	4.63
			½	“	65	4.81
South Carolina	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	40	1.09
river rock,			½	“	65	1.35
Navassa rock,	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	40	2.73
			½	“	65	2.53
Grand	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	40	1.16
Connetable,			½	“	65	1.96
Redonda,	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	1.70	36.68
	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	1.85
South Carolina	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	1.32	25.48
rock,	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	1.65
Orchilla guano,	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	4.92	21.05
	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	5.85
Navassa rock,	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	4.10	29.90
	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	4.22
Acid Navassa,	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	11.95	16.50
	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	13.53
Fine-ground	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	9.40	23.50
bone,	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	65	12.90
South Carolina	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	1.72	24.50
land rock,	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	2.11
Orchilla guano,	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	6.48	15.85
	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	6.75
Calcined	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	5.70	44.85
Redonda,	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	10.20
Raw Redonda,	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	4.49	43.79
	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	7.92
Acid phosphate,	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	3.55	18.25
S. C. 10.35 per cent	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	4.05
water-soluble,
Acid Navassa,	C. V. Sheppard, Jr.		½	“	40	10.85	16.20
2.85 per cent	also H. C. White,		½	“	65	11.00
water-soluble,
Bone,	H. A. Huston,		½	“	30	2.76	20.28
			½	“	40	4.01
			½	“	50	3.39
			½	“	60	5.88
Acid phosphate,	Sheppard and		½	“	40	3.46	15.95
11.41 per cent	Robertson,		½	“	60	3.82
water-soluble,
Calcined	H. A. Huston,		½	“	40	2.18	45.46
Redonda,			½	“	50	5.52
			½	“	65	21.24
			½	“	75	32.90
			½	“	85	39.52
Calcined	H. A. Huston and		5	hours	40	26.78	42.90
Redonda,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	38.19
			5	“	85	41.57
Pamunky	H. A. Huston and		5	“	40	3.10	13.84
phosphate,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	11.80
			5	“	85	12.82
Raw bone,	H. A. Huston and		2	“	40	5.96	23.58
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	8.22
			2	“	85	8.71
Steamed bone,	H. A. Huston and		5	“	40	16.02	27.67
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	20.22
			5	“	85	20.66
Precipitated	H. A. Huston and		2	“	40	24.14	33.34
calcium phosphate	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	23.45
from glue works,			2	“	85	22.46
Florida	H. A. Huston and		2	“	40	0.00	19.75
soft rock,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	1.69
			2	“	85	1.99

Influence of Quantity of Material Used.

• (A) = Temperature, degrees C.
• (B) = Quantity of material used.
• (C) = Citrate-soluble phosphoric acid.
• (D) = Total phosphoric acid.

Material.	Authority.		Time		(A)	(B) Grams.	(C) Per cent.	(D) Per cent.
			⅔	hour	40	2.0	9.94	21.68
Orchilla guano,	F. B. Dancy,		⅔	“	40	1.0	12.14
			⅔	“	40	0.5	13.51
			½	“	65	2.0	6.62
			½	“	65	1.0	9.33
Redonda,	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	2.0	1.70	36.68
	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	40	0.4	3.46
			½	“	65	2.0	1.85
			½	“	65	0.4	5.26
South Carolina	S. W. Johnson and		½	“	40	2.0	1.32	25.48
rock,	E. H. Farrington,		½	“	40	0.4	1.33
			½	“	65	2.0	1.65
			½	“	65	0.4	3.36
Orchilla guano,	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	65	2.0	5.87
			½	“	65	0.4	13.05
Calcined	H. A. Huston,		½	“	65	0.5	16.80	45.46
Redonda,			½	“	65	1.0	18.26
			½	“	65	2.0	21.24
			½	“	65	3.0	23.22
			½	“	65	5.0	24.66
			½	“	65	10.0	28.64
Calcined	H. A. Huston,		5	“	65	0.5	41.77	45.46
Redonda,			5	“	65	2.0	41.53
			5	“	65	8.0	39.86
Pamunky	H. A. Huston and		5	“	65	0.5	11.81	13.84
phosphate,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	2.0	11.80
			5	“	65	4.0	11.44
Raw bone,	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.5	16.49	23.58
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	2.0	8.22
			2	“	65	4.0	7.22
Steamed bone,	H. A. Huston and		5	“	65	0.5	26.40	27.67
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	2.0	17.94
			5	“	65	4.0	12.12
Precipitated	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.5	33.34	33.34
calcium phosphate	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	2.0	27.29
from glue works,			2	“	65	4.0	19.49
Florida	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.5	5.50	19.75
soft rock,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	2.0	1.69
			2	“	65	4.0	1.27

Influence of Acidity and Alkalinity.

• (A) = Temperature, degrees C.
• (B) = 100 cc neutral citrate + citric acid.
• (C) = 100 cc neutral citrate + ammonia equivalent to citric acid.
• (D) = Per cent of phosphoric acid dissolved.
• (E) = Per cent total phosphoric acid.

Material.	Authority.		Time		(A)	(B)		(C)		(D)	(E)
Navassa rock,	T. S. Gladding[115]		½	hour	65	0.00		0.00		2.53
			½	“	65	0.733	gm			4.87
			½	“	65			0.733	gm	1.22
South Carolina	T. S. Gladding		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		1.35
rock,			½	“	65	0.733	“			2.89
			½	“	65			0.733	“	1.06
Grand	T. S. Gladding,		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		1.97
connetable,			½	“	65	0.733	“			1.12
			½	“	65			0.733	“	11.44
Dissolved	H. B. McDonnell,		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		2.49	11.51
bone-black and			½	“	65	0.01	“			2.42
cottonseed-meal,			½	“	65			0.01	“	2.37
Ground bone,	H. B. McDonnell,		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		8.66	26.62
			½	“	65	0.01	“			9.18
			½	“	65			0.01	“	8.00
Calcined	H. B. McDonnell,		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		30.61	45.11
Redonda,			½	“	65	0.01	“			29.42
			½	“	65			0.01	“	32.47
Dissolved	H. A. Huston,		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		2.24	11.32
bone-black and			½	“	65	1.00	“			2.24
cottonseed-meal,			½	“	65			1.00	“	2.21
Ground bone,	H. A. Huston and		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		8.78	26.35
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		½	“	65	1.00	“			13.48
			½	“	65			1.00	“	5.35
Calcined	H. A. Huston and		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		25.54	45.15
Redonda,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		½	“	65	1.00	“			18.84
			½	“	65			1.00	“	35.20
South Carolina	H. A. Huston and		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		1.81	27.67
rock,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		½	“	65	1.00	“			4.59
			½	“	65			1.00	“	0.74
Basic slag,	H. A. Huston and		½	“	65	0.00		0.00		6.98	19.42
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		½	“	65	1.0	“			10.12
			½	“	65			1.0	“	5.49
Pamunky	H. A. Huston and		5	h’rs	65	0.00		0.00		11.80	13.84
phosphate,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	1.0	“			11.79
			5	“	65			1.0	“	12.28
Raw bone,	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.00		0.00		8.22	23.58
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	1.0	“			11.20
			2	“	65			1.0	“	4.02
Steamed bone,	H. A. Huston and		5	“	65	0.00		0.00		17.94	27.67
	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	1.0	“			22.55
			5	“	65			1.0	“	9.64
Precipitated	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.00		0.00		24.20	33.34
calcium phosphate,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	1.0	“			30.70
from glue works,			2	“	65			1.0	“	20.67
Florida soft	H. A. Huston and		2	“	65	0.00		0.00		1.69	19.75
rock,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		2	“	65	1.0	“			3.37
			2	“	65			1.0	“	0.72
Calcined	H. A. Huston and		5	“	65	0.00		0.00		40.64	44.30
Redonda,	W. J. Jones, Jr.,		5	“	65	1.0	“			40.05
			5	“	65			1.0	“	41.01

In the above tabulations no mention is made of the work of Fresenius, Neubauer, and Luck, on whose researches the citrate method is based, but an examination of their original paper shows that the temperature conditions are not carefully enough controlled to justify us in tabulating their results.[116] An attempt has been made to include in the above tables, work made under well-defined conditions, which will illustrate the various points under consideration. While each authority of value upon the subject is represented, no attempt has been made to include all the work done by any of them. One element that seems to have been generally overlooked in discussing the problem is that nearly all results have been obtained from one-half hour’s treatment of the material. This means simply the study of an incomplete reaction, and one which is interrupted while the solution is very rapidly going on. This, of course, is only clearly brought out by a comparison of long-time and short-time work in the various tables. In the opinion of Huston very much more work will have to be done before it can be assumed that we have any very clear knowledge of this subject, and very likely the final result will be that all kinds of goods cannot be examined by the same method. The fact that half a gram of dicalcium phosphate is instantly soluble in 100 cubic centimeters of citrate solution, at ordinary temperatures, while an equal amount of iron and aluminum phosphate is acted upon very slowly at ordinary temperatures will probably have to be taken into consideration, as well as the fact that dicalcium phosphate is less soluble in hot solutions of ammonium citrate than it is in cold solutions, while the reverse is true of the precipitated iron and aluminum phosphate.