[64] Sodoma's life and temperament have been studied and his pictures copiously reproduced by Elisár von Kupffer, Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. ix, 1908, p. 71 et seq., and by R. H. Hobart Cust, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi.
[65] Cellini, Life, translated by J. A. Symonds, introduction, p. xxxv, and p. 448. Queringhi (La Psiche di B. Cellini, 1913) argues that Cellini was not homosexual.
[66] See the interesting account of Duquesnoy by Eekhoud (Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. ii, 1899), an eminent Belgian novelist who has himself been subjected to prosecution on account of the pictures of homosexuality in his novels and stories, Escal-Vigor and Le Cycle Patibulaire (see Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, Bd. iii, 1901).
[67] See Justi's Life of Winkelmann, and also Moll's Die Konträre Sexualempfindung, third edition, 1899, pp. 122-126. In this work, as well as in Raffalovich's Uranisme et Unisexualité, as also in Moll's Berühmte Homosexuelle (1910) and Hirschfeld's Die Homosexualität, p. 650 et seq., there will be found some account of many eminent men who are, on more or less reliable grounds, suspected of homosexuality. Other German writers brought forward as inverted are Platen, K. P. Moritz, and Iffland. Platen was clearly a congenital invert, who sought, however, the satisfaction of his impulses in Platonic friendship; his homosexual poems and the recently published unabridged edition of his diary render him an interesting object of study; see for a sympathetic account of him, Ludwig Frey, "Aus dem Seelenleben des Grafen Platen," Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, vols. i and vi. Various kings and potentates have been mentioned in this connection, including the Sultan Baber; Henri III of France; Edward II, William II, James I, and William III of England, and perhaps Queen Anne and George III, Frederick the Great and his brother, Heinrich, Popes Paul II, Sixtus IV, and Julius II, Ludwig II of Bavaria, and others. Kings, indeed, seem peculiarly inclined to homosexuality.
[68] Schultz, Das Höfische Leben, Bd. i, ch. xiii.
[69] De Planctu Naturæ has been translated by Douglas Moffat, Yale Studies in English, No. xxxvi, 1908.
[70] P. de l'Estoile, Mémoires-Journaux, vol. ii, p. 326.
[71] Laborde, Le Palais Mazarin, p. 128.
[72] Thus she writes in 1701 (Correspondence, edited by Brunet, vol. i, p. 58): "Our heroes take as their models Hercules, Theseus, Alexander, and Cæsar, who all had their male favorites. Those who give themselves up to this vice, while believing in Holy Scripture, imagine that it was only a sin when there were few people in the world, and that now the earth is populated it may be regarded as a divertissement. Among the common people, indeed, accusations of this kind are, so far as possible, avoided; but among persons of quality it is publicly spoken of; it is considered a fine saying that since Sodom and Gomorrah, the Lord has punished no one for such offences."
[73] Sérieux and Libert, "La Bastille et ses Prisonniers," L'Encéphale, September, 1911.