LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
| The Caravels of Columbus | [Frontispiece] |
| FACING PAGE | |
| An Egyptian Boat of 6000 B. C. | [3] |
| A Large Egyptian Ship of the 18th Dynasty | [5] |
| A Peruvian Balsa | [7] |
| An African Dugout | [9] |
| An Eskimo Umiak | [11] |
| An Eskimo Kayak | [13] |
| A Birch-bark Canoe | [15] |
| An Outrigger Canoe | [17] |
| A Phœnician Bireme | [19] |
| A Greek Trireme | [21] |
| Seating Arrangement of Rowers in a Greek Trireme | [25] |
| An early 16th-Century Ship | [27] |
| A Mediterranean Galley | [31] |
| An Egyptian Boat of the 5th Dynasty | [35] |
| An Egyptian Ship of the 12th Dynasty | [37] |
| A Roman Ship | [39] |
| A Viking Ship | [41] |
| A 13th-Century English Ship | [43] |
| A Galleon of the Time of Elizabeth | [45] |
| The Amaranthe | [49] |
| A 16th-Century Dutch Boat | [51] |
| A Corvette of 1780 | [53] |
| A British East Indiaman | [57] |
| A Black Ball Packet | [59] |
| A Whaling Bark | [61] |
| The Red Jacket | [63] |
| The Great Republic | [65] |
| The Ariel, 1866 | [67] |
| A Gloucester Fisherman | [69] |
| An American Coasting Schooner | [71] |
| The Charlotte Dundas | [77] |
| Robert Fulton’s Clermont | [79] |
| The Savannah | [81] |
| The Great Britain | [83] |
| The Great Eastern | [85] |
| The Steamship Oceanic | [89] |
| The Deutschland | [93] |
| The Majestic | [97] |
| The Leviathan | [99] |
| The Berengaria | [101] |
| The Mauretania | [105] |
| The Belgenland | [107] |
| The George Washington | [111] |
| The Homeric | [115] |
| A Mail Liner | [119] |
| An American Intermediate Liner | [121] |
| A Cargo Liner | [123] |
| A Tramp Steamer | [125] |
| An Oil Tanker | [129] |
| A Turret Steamer | [131] |
| A Whaleback | [135] |
| A Great Lakes Freight Carrier | [137] |
| An English Warship of the Time of Henry V | [141] |
| A British Line-of-Battle Ship, 1790 | [143] |
| The American Frigate Constitution | [145] |
| A Steam Frigate—the U. S. S. Hartford | [146] |
| The Monitor | [147] |
| The Merrimac | [149] |
| A Torpedo Boat | [151] |
| H. M. S. Dreadnaught | [153] |
| A Submarine | [155] |
| A Modern Destroyer | [157] |
| A Modern Super-dreadnaught | [159] |
| A Battle Cruiser | [161] |
| A Scout Cruiser | [163] |
| An Airplane View of the U. S. S. Langley | [165] |
| A Map of the Port of New York | [169] |
| A Map of the Port of Liverpool | [171] |
| A Map of the Port of Rio de Janeiro | [173] |
| A Map of the Port of Cape Town | [175] |
| A Map of the Port of Marseilles | [177] |
| A Tug Boat | [179] |
| A New York Harbour Ferry | [181] |
| A New York Harbour Lighter | [183] |
| A Mississippi River Stern-wheeler | [185] |
| A Modern Venetian Cargo Boat | [187] |
| A Page of Knots in Common Use | [193] |
| Bearings and Points of Sailing | [195] |
| How a Fore-and-Aft Sail Is Reefed | [197] |
| A Freighter Tied Up to a Pier | [199] |
| A Few Types of Sailing Ships Common in European and American Waters | [201] |
| A Few Types of Sailing Boats to Be Found Around the World | [203] |
| The Rigging of a Three-masted Ship | [209] |
| The Sails of a Four-masted Ship | [213] |
| Using a Cross Staff | [217] |
| Using an Astrolabe | [221] |
| A Sextant in Use, and a Ship’s Log | [225] |
| Using a Pelorus | [229] |
| Sounding by Machine | [233] |
| The Pharos at Alexandria | [237] |
| The Tillamook Rock Light Station | [239] |
| Cape Race Lighthouse | [241] |
| Minot’s Ledge Light | [243] |
| Bishop Rock Lighthouse | [245] |
| Fire Island Lightship | [247] |
| Automatic Buoys | [249] |
| A Ship on the Ways | [253] |
| A Floating Dry Dock | [255] |
| The Olympic | [259] |
| The Aquitania | [263] |
| The Paris | [265] |
| The Spray | [281] |
| The Detroit | [283] |
| A Reconstruction of One of Caligula’s Galleys | [284] |
| A European Side-wheeler | [285] |
| A Hudson River Steamer | [287] |
| A Steam Yacht | [289] |
| An Experiment of 1924 | [291] |
INTRODUCTION
I remember well being thrilled as a boy by the tales of various members of my family who had been engaged in the old “China Trade” and in the operation of clipper ships and in whaling. These stories related to a bygone age—a day when the American flag was seen in every part of the globe.
Even in my own boyhood America had no merchant marine except for the coasting trade and the freighters upon the Great Lakes. American seamen had ceased to exist and the calling of an officer in the Merchant Marine was no longer one that offered an attractive career to the American boy. It is unnecessary here to go into the reasons for the decline and fall of our nation upon the sea. The Civil War, the introduction of steam propulsion, the development of the West, and in addition a great number of economic changes, were some of the causes of the disappearance of the American flag from the Seven Seas.
It was not until the outbreak of the World War that American business men as a whole began to think seriously of the possibility of reviving American shipping; it was not until 1916 that the Congress took definite action to aid with constructive legislation; it was not until our own country entered into the war that large results appeared. In the past few years there has been an extraordinary revival of interest in everything that pertains to the sea—the novels of Melville written three quarters of a century ago have been revived in dozens of editions and the sea stories of Conrad are among the best sellers. In the same way, old books, old engravings, and crude old lithographs and woodcuts relating to almost every form of ships and shipping have been sought out and prized by an ever-growing circle of enthusiasts. This is not a passing fancy; there is something more solid behind it. I hope I am right in believing that the people of the United States are again turning their faces to the sea. Over the sea our ancestors or we ourselves have all come. We have filled the vacant spaces from the original colonies on the Atlantic Coast to the new and splendid civilization of the Pacific. No longer can we say “America is sufficient for us; our thought and lives must stay at home.” We are part of the world now, very dependent on the rest of the peoples of the world for our own progress, and our own success, and even for our own safety. This is shown by the fact that every school and every college throughout the land is, in its teaching, paying more and more attention to the affairs of mankind beyond our own borders. The study of languages, the study of geography, the study of economics, of international laws—all receive increased attention.
Mr. Hawthorne Daniel has rendered a conspicuous service in writing a book which can be understood and appreciated by the average citizen. Most of us are just “average citizens” and whether we live a thousand miles from the nearest ocean or not, whether we have ever smelled salt water or not, it will be a good thing for us to have some knowledge of the great epic of ships and the men who have made them and sailed them.
Franklin D. Roosevelt.
Hyde Park, N. Y.,
June 4, 1924.
SHIPS
OF THE SEVEN
SEAS