"Fortalitium Fidei," work by Alfonso de Spina, [277], [415].

"Fortress, The," controversial work, [234].

Fraga, conversions in, [214].

France and Joseph Nassi, [597][599].

France, Jews of, and lepers, [57].
and the ban against science, [40].
banished, [46], [48], [175][177].
claimed as "servi cameræ," [47].
fix the conditions of their return, [53][54], [129][131].
hardships of the, [48][50].
impoverished, [128][129].
massacred by the Shepherds, [55][57].
persecuted, [57][58], [151][152].
privileges extended, [54], [131][132], [150].
protest against Meïr Halevi, [152][153].
Talmudical studies, [133].
usurers, [174].
wear badges, [131].

France, southern (Provence), clergy of, hostile to Jews, [132].
Jews of, persecuted, [53], [102][103], [173].
philosophers in, [87].
See also [Provence].

Francis I, of France, patron of Hebrew learning, [473][474].

Franco, Christoval (Mordecai) Mendes, Portuguese Marrano in Holland, [667].

Franco, Nicolo, papal nuncio, [310].

Franconia, Jews of, expelled, [259][260].
seat of the Rindfleisch persecution, [35][36].