Mycenæ: a narrative of researches and discoveries at Mycenæ and Tiryns - Heinrich Schliemann

VI.—FRAGMENT OF A COPPER KETTLE.

FROM THE FOURTH SEPULCHRE.

This specimen was in a single piece, much crumpled, irregular in shape, and ragged at the edges; it weighed about 800 grains, and varied from 1-25th to 1-30th of an inch in thickness. There were three rivets in the metal, the ends of which protruded on one side to the extent of about 1-8th of an inch; and there was one rivet-hole without its rivet. After filing, the colour of the metal forming the rivet appeared to be the same as that of the sheet metal. There was no trace of the article which had been attached by means of those rivets. On one surface the specimen seems originally to have been pretty generally encrusted with blue and green matter, between which and the metal was, as usual, a thin coating of red oxide of copper; on the other surface, or that showing the protruding ends of the rivets, the metal was coated first with the red oxide of copper and then with dark greenish brown matter, with here and there patches varying from light green to dark blue and dark green, especially round the ends of the rivets.

Portions of the sheet metal were heated to redness in a current of hydrogen, whereby they acquired a coppery colour and lustre. The water evolved in this process was found to contain both copper and chlorine, thus indicating the existence of oxychloride of copper in the incrusting matter, a portion of the subchloride of copper (cuprous chloride) having escaped decomposition by the hydrogen. A piece of the metal, free from incrustation, was boiled in a flask containing hydrochloric acid and perchloride of iron, and the vapour evolved was passed into a refrigerating vessel, when a liquid was obtained in which arsenic was found in considerable quantity. This process was used for the quantitative determination of the arsenic as ammoniacal arseniate of magnesia, and the result was confirmed by several repetitions. The metal taken for analysis was that which had been heated in hydrogen as stated above. The analysis was made in the laboratory of the Royal School of Mines by Mr. W. F. Ward.

COMPOSITION PER CENT.

Copper	98·47
Tin	0·09
Lead	0·16
Bismuth	traces
Silver	0·013
Iron	0·03
Nickel	0·19
Arsenic	0·83
	99·783

INDEX.

A.
Achilles and Hector, intaglio on gold, [175].
Acropolis;
citadel of Tiryns, [6];
of Mycenæ, [28], [29].
Ægisthus, murder of Atreus by, [54];
murder of Agamemnon by, [54];
death of, [55];
buried without the wall, [60].
Aëropé, wife of Atreus, legend of, [53].
Agamemnon, son of Atreus, [48];
sepulchre of, [48];
murdered by Ægisthus and Clytemnestra, [54];
his expedition to Troy, [58];
his supremacy in the Argolid and Peloponnesus, [58].
——and his companions, tombs of, [334]-[337];
their ignominious burial, [345]-[347].
(Comp. SEPULCHRES.)
Agora of Mycenæ, [39], [338]-[341];
slabs forming its enclosure and bench, [124], [125];
circular form of the Greek Agora, [125], [126];
Royal Tombs in the Agora at Megara and Cyrene, [126]-[7];
Homer's description of the heroic Agora, [338];
of that of Troy, [339];
and of the Phæacians, [339];
age of the Agora at Mycenæ, later than the Five Sepulchres within it, [340];
no building within its sacred enclosure, [341].
Alabaster:
button of, [144];
hand, [209];
model of a scarf, [242];
three-handled vase of, [246];
sword-knobs of, [219], [281], [282];
fragments of vases, [257], [308];
goblet of, [317].
Amber, beads of, [203], [245].
——, found in Italy and Sicily, [204];
mention of, by Homer, ibid.
Amethyst, lentoid gem of, [202].
᾽Αμφικύπελλον (see Δέπας).
Analysis of Mycenean metals, [367]-[376];
argentiferous gold foil, [368];
sheet gold, [369];
silver vase, [370];
bronze sword and vase-handle, [372], [375];
copper kettle, [375].
Archers, niches in walls of Tiryns for, [5].
Argion: first name of the mount of the Citadel at Mycenæ, [36].
Argolis, map of, [1].
Argos: road from, to Mycenæ, [24];
plain of, described, [25] f.;
Achæan states of Argos and Mycenæ, [28];
Homer's use of the name, [37].
Arm-bone, with gold ribbon, [302].
Arrow-heads;
of bronze, only in the upper strata, [76], [123];
of obsidian, 4th Sepulchre, [272].
Ashes, of burnt animal matter, [88];
at the foot of tombstones, [92], [93].
Asterion, the plant, [25].
Atreus, son of Pelops, [53];
legend of Atreus and Thyestes, [53];
killed by Ægisthus, [54]. (Comp. TREASURY.)
Axes, of diorite, [40], [132];
double, as a symbol, [219], [252]-[254], [357].
B.
Battle-axes of gold plate, [252].
Battle scene on a ring, [224], [225].
Beads;
of glass, [111], [120];
of fluor-spar, [120];
of agate, [201], [202];
of amber, [308];
of gold, [361].
Belt of gold, apparently for a child, [248].
Boars' teeth, [272];
used on helmets and horse-trappings, in Homer, [272], [273].
Bodies found, all partially burnt where they lay;
three in the 2nd Sepulchre, [155];
three, probably of women, in the 3rd Sepulchre, [164];
five in the 4th Sepulchre, [228];
one in the 5th Sepulchre, [291];
three in the 1st Sepulchre, [294], [295];
one of them wonderfully preserved, [296], [297];
its removal, [298];
in all 15 bodies in the five sepulchres, [337];
other skeletons of bodies not burnt, [162].
Bone, objects of, [153], [255].
Bones: of animals, [88], [362];
human, in all the five Sepulchres, [284];
thigh-bone, with greave-ornament, in the 4th Sepulchre, [230];
jawbone, [285];
small bone, with gold ribbon, [302].
Bonitza: modern name of the Inachus, [24].
Boöpis: title of Hera, its significance, [12], [19] f.
Borax, used for soldering gold, [231].
Boxes;
of gold, [204], [205];
of copper plate, filled with wood, [207], [208];
of wood, carved, [332].
Bracelets of gold, [196], [223], [227].
Breast-plates of gold, found on bodies in the 4th Sepulchre, [228];
in the 1st Sepulchre, [300], [301].
Bronze:
male figure of, at Tiryns, [14];
objects of, [111], [112];
weapons of, [279]-[283], [299], [303], [306];
of Mycenæ and Troy compared, [369].
(See ANALYSIS.)
Brooch of gold, [193].
Buildings, Cyclopean, at Mycenæ, [40].
Burial with treasures, [344]-[349].
Butterflies of gold, [165], [176];
perhaps a symbol of immortality, [166].
Buttons;
of gold, [152];
of wood, plated with gold, 4th Sepulchre, [258]-[262];
of gold, 1st Sepulchre, [305], [321]-[327];
of bone, 1st Sepulchre, [329].
C.
Caldrons of copper, [215].
Cans of copper, [274].
Cassandra, tomb of, and her twin-sons, Teledamus and Pelops, [59].
Cephisus, the river, [25].
Chariots, sculptured, on tombstones, [80]-[85];
true form of the Homeric, [84].
Charvati, village of, with the ancient quarry of Mycenæ, [117].
Children:
objects found in the 3rd and 4th Sepulchres, indicating the burial of two or three, [198], [247], [248], [337];
in accordance with the tradition, [59].
Cicadæ (crickets or tree-hoppers) of gold, [176];
their significance, ibid.
Cisterns at Mycenæ, [141].
Clay, baked and glazed, ornaments of, [110], [111].
----, white, the bodies in the Royal Sepulchres covered with a layer of, [214], [295], [337].
Clytemnestra, seduced by Ægisthus, murders Agamemnon, [54];
is killed by Orestes, [55];
buried with Ægisthus outside the wall of Mycenæ, [60].
Cobalt glass, tubes of, like the Egyptian, [157].
Coins, copper, of Macedonian age, found at Tiryns, [15];
of Argos, found at Mycenæ, [63], [64];
none of Roman or Byzantine times, [64];
none of Mycenæ itself, ibid.
Column of porphyry, [96], [97].
Comb;
of clay, [78];
of gold, [203].
Copper:
a fork and another object of, [255];
vessels of, [273]-[274], [331];
their use as ornaments of houses, [284];
medium for plating gold on silver, [158].
(Comp. ANALYSIS.)
Cork, pieces of, [332].
Cow-heads:
of terra-cotta, on handles of vases, [104], [105];
the great one of silver, with golden horns, [215];
of gold plate, with double axes, [218].
Cows, of terra-cotta, found at Tiryns, [10];
idols, in the form of, at Mycenæ, [73], [74].
(Comp. HERA BOÖPIS.)
Cremation, partial, of all the bodies in the royal sepulchres, [155];
officially authenticated, [214].
Crosses of golden leaves, [156], [189]-[192].
Crowns of gold, found with the bodies in the 3rd Sepulchre, [184];
in the 4th Sepulchre, [228].
Cups;
of gold, [241], [313], [354];
of alabaster, [317].
(Comp. GOBLETS.)
Cuttle-fish of gold, [165], [268].
Cyclopean Walls:
their name and nature, [3], [4];
three forms, [29], [30];
of the citadel of Tiryns, the most ancient monument in Greece, [2], [9];
house-walls at Tiryns, [9];
of the citadel of Mycenæ, [4], [29];
substructions and house-walls at Mycenæ, [31], [42], [79], [80], [99], [123], [130];
destruction of portion of, [116];
water-conduit, [141];
tower, [147].
Cylinders of gold, [251], [286], [287], [320], [321].
D.
Daggers of bronze, [163];
ivory handle of one, [329].
Débris:
at Tiryns, [19];
at Mycenæ, [42];
in the Acropolis of Mycenæ, [62];
over dromos of Treasury near Lions' Gate, [103];
in the same Treasury, [141].
Δέπας ἀμφικύπελλον (two-handled goblet):
several of terra-cotta, [115], [116];
several of gold, [231], [235], [237], [350], [352];
the true form, not that supposed by Aristotle, [116], [237];
none such found either at Troy or Mycenæ, [238].
Diadems of gold, found with the bodies:
in the 2nd Sepulchre, [155], [156];
in the 3rd Sepulchre, [186]-[189];
in the 4th Sepulchre, [246], [247];
two of these small, as if for children, ibid.;
in the 5th Sepulchre, [291].
Diomedes, King of Argos, under Agamemnon, [58].
Disks of gold, [319].
(Comp. PLATES.)
Dorians, invasion of the, [55];
early date of, [344].
Dragon of gold, with scales of rock-crystal, [287].
Dromos, or approach to the Treasury of Atreus, [43];
to the Treasury near the Lions' Gate, [103]-[107].
E.
Earring of gold, [142].
Egyptian glass, [157];
porcelain, objects of, [242], [330].
Eïones, the port of Mycenæ, [58].
Eleutherion, the river, [25].
Elias, chapel of, at Tiryns, [4];
chapel of, on Mt. Eubœa, above Mycenæ, [26], [145]-[147].
Emperor of Brazil's visit to Mycenæ, [144], [145].
Eubœa, Mount, above Mycenæ, [25], [26];
ascent of, [145];
Cyclopean remains on, probably a sanctuary of the Sun-god, [146]-[7].
Euripides visited Mycenæ, [38];
his knowledge of the Acropolis, the Agora, and Royal Palace, [341], [342].
Excavations:
at Tiryns, beginning of, [9];
of the Treasury of Atreus, by Veli Pasha, [49], [50];
at Mycenæ, in 1874, [61];
at Mycenæ, in 1876, [62];
panoramic view of, before the discovery of the Tombs, [148]-[9].
F.
Fish of wood, [129].
Flagons (οἰνοχόαι);
of gold, [233];
of silver, [243].
Flowers, golden, [165]-[167], [172], [173], [262].
Flute, found at Mycenæ, [77], [78], [79].
Fork of copper, for stirring the funeral fires, [255].
Fountain of Perseia at Mycenæ, [59].
Frieze of marble, [141].
G.
Galleries in the Walls of Tiryns, [51].
Gate, the eastern, of Tiryns, [5];
of the Lions at Mycenæ (see LIONS' GATE);
the postern, at Mycenæ, [35], [36].
Gell, Sir William, cited, [44].
Glass, fabrication of, only in its beginning at the age of the tombs, [158].
Goblets, of terra-cotta, at Tiryns, [16];
at Mycenæ, [70];
two-handled, [115], [116];
black, [154];
of gold, [204], [231]-[240], [314], [352]-[353];
of silver, [314].
Gold. The objects are described under their several heads. The quantity found in the sepulchres amounts to about 100 lbs. troy.
Gordon, Gen., his fragments of bronze nails and plates from the Treasury of Atreus, [45] n.
Grasshoppers, golden. (See CICADÆ.)
Greaves of warriors on a painted vase, [134];
gold ornament of, [230], [328].
Greco-Phœnician Period of Art, after about B.C. 800, [98];
the sculptures of Mycenæ anterior to, ibid.
Griffins, of gold, [177];
legend of the griffin of Indian origin, [177], [178].
H.
Hatchets;
of stone, [76];
of bronze, [111], [112].
Hellenic House, foundations of, [121].
Hera Boöpis, note on, [19]-[22].
Heræum, the great temple of Hera, near Mycenæ, [20], [59], [362], [364].
Hercules and the Nemean Lion, gold ornament, with intaglio of, [173].
Highway from Mycenæ to Tiryns, [42].
Horse-trappings, ornaments of, [153], [273];
described by Homer, [273].
Hunters in a chariot, on a signet-ring, [223] f.
I.
Ialysus, in Rhodes; objects found in a tomb there, resembling those at Mycenæ:
terra-cotta vases, [65];
cow-idols, [73];
whorls, [77];
painted pottery, [138];
terra-cotta goblets, of same pattern as Mycenean gold goblets, [234].
Idols, terra-cotta, at Tiryns, [10], [11], [12], [13], [14];
similar to those at Mycenæ, [12];
at Mycenæ, [13], [71], [72], [73];
in "dromos" before Treasury near Lions' Gate, [103]-[107].
Inachus, the river, [24], [25].
Inscriptions, signs resembling, [114];
Greek, [115].
Iron keys and knives, probably of the later age of Mycenæ, [75].
Ivory, objects of, [152], [153], [161], [162], [329];
stained, for horse-trappings, [273].
J.
Jar of crystal, [299], [300].
Jasper weight, [100].
K.
Kettles. (See COPPER.)
Keys of bronze, lead, and iron, [74], [75].
Knives of obsidian at Tiryns, [18];
of bronze and iron at Mycenæ, [74], [75], [76], [111], [112], [158];
of obsidian, [158].
L.
Lamps, unknown to Homer, and never found at Troy, Tiryns, or Mycenæ, [50].
Lances of bronze, [278];
mode of fastening to the handle, ibid.
Lead, found at Tiryns, [14];
a large quantity at Mycenæ, [77].
Leake, Col., quoted, [5] n.
Leaves of Gold, strewn all about the 4th Sepulchre, and even below the bodies, [266].
Legend, of the crimes of the Pelopids, [53], [54];
of the Trojan War and the fate of Agamemnon, the author's faith in it led to the discovery of Troy and Mycenæ, [334] f.;
confirmations of its veracity, [337].
Lentoid gems, [112], [113], [114], [202], [252];
bought of peasants in Chonika, [362], [364].
Lids of boxes and vases of gold, fastened on by gold wires, [206], [207];
of bone for jars, [256].
Lion of gold, [361].
Lion cub of gold, [251].
Lions' Gate at Mycenæ, [4], [32], [33], [34], [35];
plan of, [34];
excavations at, [121], [122], [123].
Lower City of Mycenæ, [39], [40];
Cyclopean bridge at, [39];
Treasuries, [39].
Lyre of bone, [77], [78], [79].
M.
Masks of gold:
a child's, in the 3rd Sepulchre, [198];
on the faces of three bodies in the 4th Sepulchre, [219]-[221];
a fourth like a lion's head, beside another of the bodies, [222] (Cut, p. [211]);
discussion of burial with masks, [222], [223];
on two of the bodies in the 1st Sepulchre, [311], [312] (Cuts, pp. [289], [333]).
Medals. (See COINS.)
Megapenthes, son of Prœtus, Tiryns, ceded to Perseus by, [6].
Metals, found at Tiryns, only lead and one bronze figure, [14];
found at Mycenæ, [74], [75], [77].
Moulds, for casting ornaments, [108], [109].
Mure, Col., cited, [45] n.
Mycenæ, arrival at, [24];
importance of excavations at the capital of Agamemnon, [28];
topography of, [24] f.;
Acropolis, [28] f.;
the lower city, [39];
the suburb, [40];
confused with Argos, [36]-[38];
history, [53] f.;
decline, [56];
besieged by the Argives and Cleoneans, [56];
its surrender and destruction (B.C. 468), [56], [57];
Homeric epithets of Mycenæ, [57];
remains described by Pausanias, and true interpretation of the passage, [59], [60], [335];
shafts sunk in 1874, [61];
excavations begun in 1876, ibid.;
its re-occupation unknown to the ancients, [63].
N.
Nails, bronze, in the walls of the Treasury at Atreus, for holding the lining plates, [44].
Needle of ivory, [153].
Nestor's goblet, in Homer, compared with one found in the 4th Sepulchre, [235]-[237].
O.
Orestes kills Ægisthus and Clytemnestra; probably the last of the Pelopid dynasty at Mycenæ; reigned in Arcadia and Sparta, [55].
Oyster shells, found in 1st Sepulchre, [332].
P.
Painted vases. (See POTTERY; VASES.)
Palace:
Cyclopean house-walls, supposed to be the Royal Palace of Mycenæ, [130] f.;
the substructions probably supported a wooden building, [288].
Palæocastron, the modern name of Tiryns, [2].
Pausanias, his description of the tombs of Agamemnon and his companions, [59];
general misunderstanding, and true meaning, of the passage, [60], [61], et passim.
Pebbles, layers of, below and above the bodies, to aid in ventilating the funeral pyres, and bearing marks of fire, in all the Sepulchres, [155], [164], [213], [214], [291], [294], [337].
Pelopids, dynasty of the, at Mycenæ, [54], [55];
its probable end under Orestes, ibid.
Perseus, builder of Mycenæ, [6], [53];
Tiryns given to Electryon by, [6];
his dynasty, [53].
Pigeons of gold, on the heads and arms of female figures, [180];
on the handles of a goblet, [236];
on a model of a temple, [267].
Pins of gold, 4th Sepulchre, [249], [250].
Plates, large, thick, round, of gold, with patterns in repoussé work, below, above, and round the bodies in the 3rd Sepulchre, [165] f.;
in the 1st Sepulchre, [318], [319];
smaller round plates of sword-sheaths, [219], [302]-[303];
quadrangular plates with intaglio work, [302], [303], [308]-[311].
Plundered body in 1st Sepulchre, [295].
Porter's lodge at Mycenæ, [62].
Pottery, Tirynthian archaic, [14], [15], [16], [17];
Mycenean painted, [65], [66], [67], [68], [69], [120];
geometrical, [103] f., [120], [141];
hand-made and wheel-made, [137], [158], [159], [160], [210], [340], &c.
(Comp. TERRA-COTTAS.)
Prœtus, the founder of Tiryns, [6].
Q.
Quarry, of Tiryns, [4];
of Mycenæ, at Charvati, [41], [117].
R.
Rapier-like swords, 4th Sepulchre, [283].
Rema, modern name of the river Charadrus, [24].
Reservoirs, twelve in the Acropolis of Mycenæ, [80], [99], [100], [117] n.
Ribbons of gold, [249], [327].
Rings, of bronze, plain and engraved, [142];
of gold, plain and ornamented, [250], [353], [354];
of silver, ibid.
(See SIGNET-RINGS.)
Rock crystal, objects of, [200], [210];
polished segment of a sphere, [213].
Royal tombs. (See SEPULCHRES.)
S.
Sardonyx, lentoid gem of, [202].
Scales of gold, [197].
Sceptres, of silver plated with gold, [201];
rock-crystal knob of a sceptre-handle, [200];
handles, [251];
splendid handle of a sceptre, [286], [287].
Sculpture on tombstones at Mycenæ. (See TOMBSTONES.)
Seal-rings;
of bronze, [142];
of silver, [203].
(See SIGNET-RINGS.)
Sepulchral Slabs, or Stêlæ. (See TOMBSTONES.)
Sepulchres, the Royal, at Mycenæ;
described by Pausanias from tradition only, [59], [102];
their position in the Acropolis unique, [101];
traditional reverence for them, [337], [343];
their site indicated by tombstones renewed from time to time, as they got covered with débris, [101] f., [337], [341];
the sacred Agora, erected as an enclosure round them, in honour of the deceased heroes, probably when the monuments were renewed, [128], [129], [340]:
—discovery of the First Sepulchre, [151];
work interrupted, [154];
resumed, [293];
the sepulchre described, [294] (comp. BODIES):
—discovery and description of the Second Sepulchre, [154];
—of the Third, [161];
—of the Fourth, [212];
—of the Fifth, [290].
Evidence of the simultaneous burial of the bodies in each sepulchre, and probably in all, [336];
agreement of the sepulchres with the tradition of the burial of Agamemnon and his companions, Chap. X. passim.
Shoulder belts, of gold, in the 4th Sepulchre, [243], [244];
one with a piece of a bronze sword attached,
1st Sepulchre, [298], [299];
too slender to have been ever used, [300].
Signet-rings:
one of white onyx, engraved in intaglio, in the supposed Royal Palace, [131], [132];
two of gold, with intaglios of a stag-hunt and a combat, 4th Sepulchre, [223]-[227];
too small for any but female fingers, [227];
two of gold, with wonderful symbolic intaglios, from the tomb south of the Agora, [354]-[360];
correspondence of the first to a scene in Homer's "Shield of Achilles," [359], [360].
Skeleton of a man, found at Tiryns, [18];
skeletons above the 3rd Sepulchre, [164].
Slabs, double parallel circle of, [87], [88].
(See AGORA.)
Spiral ornamentation, characteristic of Mycenean art, [82], [99], et passim.
Stag, of silver and lead, [257].
Stêlæ, sepulchral. (See TOMBSTONES.)
Sthenelus, son of Perseus, [53].
Stilettos of opal, for needlework, [143].
Stone bench round the Agora. (See AGORA.)
Stone implements, none at Tiryns, [14];
at Mycenæ, [76];
knives and arrow-heads of obsidian, [158], [272].
Streets of Mycenæ, [57].
Suastika, the sign 卍, [77], [165].
Suspension, vases with tubular holes for, found at Mycenæ as well as Troy, [158].
Swords of bronze:
two-edged, from the (supposed) Royal Palace, [144];
a heap of, in 4th Sepulchre, with the gold ornaments of their handles and sheaths, [219];
46 more in 4th Sepulchre, [278];
10 of these short one-edged, [279];
two-edged, with a ridge on each side, gilt, studded, and otherwise ornamented, [280]-[283], [302]-[304], [306], [307];
their extreme narrowness, and the enormous length of some, [283], [304].
Sword-handles, wooden, gilt, and ornamented with gold-plates, studs, and nails, [219];
covers of gold-plate belonging to, [269]-[271], [305];
knobs of alabaster, [219], [281], [282];
one plated with gold, richly ornamented, and containing a piece of the bronze sword, [307], [308].
Sword-sheaths, wooden, remains of, and the golden plates that ornamented them, [219], [303], [305] (comp. PLATES OF GOLD);
pieces still on swords, [281];
of linen, traces of, adhering to swords, [283].
Sword-tassel of gold, [304].
T.
Telegram to the King of the Hellenes and His Majesty's reply, [365].
Temple of gold, model of, [267].
Terra-cottas:
vases, Tirynthian archaic, [17];
archaic at Mycenæ, [51], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68];
compared with those at Ialysus, [65];
figure of a woman, [73];
tripods, [69], [143], [158];
vessels, [209];
cows and a cow-horn, [143] (comp. COWS; IDOLS);
objects found in 2nd Sepulchre, [159];
vases in 3rd Sepulchre, [210];
in 4th Sepulchre, [241];
goblets, [285], [286].
Thyestes, brother of Atreus, legend of, [53].
Tiryns:
excavations at, [1];
site of, [2];
Pausanias on, [2];
Cyclopean walls of, [2], [4], [5];
rock of, [4];
founded by Prœtus, [6];
conquered and inhabited by Hercules, [6];
destroyed by the Argives, [7];
plain south of, [8].
Tombs. (See SEPULCHRES.)
Tombstones, or sepulchral stêlæ, sculptured and plain, in the Acropolis of Mycenæ, above the Royal Sepulchres:
the 1st sculptured, [80] (Cut, p. [52]);
the 2nd sculptured, [82];
the 3rd sculptured, [88];
the 4th sculptured, [90];
5 plain, [92];
several fragments of sculptured, [92]-[96];
they all mark the site of tombs, [100] (comp. SEPULCHRES);
plan of, in the 1st Sepulchre, [151];
plan of, above the 3rd Sepulchre, [161];
two plain above the 5th Sepulchre, [291].
Tongs of iron, [144];
of silver, [308].
Treasures:
of the Pelopids, [48];
enor-mous
in the Royal Sepulchres, [337];
custom of burial with, [344]-[349].
Treasuries, in the suburb of Mycenæ, underground and dome-shaped, called "ovens" (φοῦρνοι), [41];
one near the Lions' Gate, ibid., excavated by Mrs. Schliemann, [102], [118], [140] f.;
two smaller ones, [41];
of Atreus, [42];
commonly called the "Tomb of Agamemnon," [49];
compared with that of Minyas at Orchomenus, [45];
arguments for their being treasuries, [47], [48];
a sixth, close to the great Heræum, [59] (comp. Plan D).
Tripods;
of copper, [137], [277];
of terra-cotta (see TERRA-COTTAS).
Trojan War, the Author's faith in the, led to his discoveries, [334], [335].
Tubes;
of gold plate, [203];
of gold, 1st Sepulchre, [305];
of bone, 1st Sepulchre, [329].
V.
Vases, of terra-cotta: one with female breasts, [259];
of crystal, [78];
of silver, [158], [160], [210], [308], [316];
of gold, [206]; of alabaster, [245];
of Egyptian porcelain, [292].
(Comp. TERRA-COTTAS.)
Vessels:
household, at Tiryns, [15];
of gold, [207];
of copper, [274]-[276];
of terra-cotta. (See TERRA-COTTAS.)
W.
Wages of workmen at the excavations, [87].
Walls, Cyclopean, [3], [4], [5], [29] f.;
of Tiryns, [2], [9];
of Mycenæ, [4], [29], [30], [31], [40], [87], [88];
of Treasuries lined with bronze plates, [44], [45];
inner, of the Royal Sepulchres, bearing marks of fire, [155], [213], [294];
none in the 5th Sepulchre, [291].
Warriors, armed, on a painted vase, [132]-[134].
Water-conduits, Cyclopean, at Tiryns, [9];
Cyclopean, at Mycenæ, [80], [141].
Wealth of Mycenæ, [57].
Weapons of bronze, [278]-[280], [291], [307].
Weight, of jasper, [100].
Wells of Mycenæ, [41].
Wheels of chariots on sculptures, with four spokes, [84];
small bronze wheels, [111] (Cut, p. [74]);
of gold, [203].
Whetstones, [286], [332].
Whorls:
of stone, at Tiryns, [18];
of stone and terra-cotta at Mycenæ, [77];
whorl-shaped object of gold plate, [268].
Wire, gold, [142], [354];
used for fastening on lids of boxes and vases, [206], [207].
Wood:
objects of, 1st Sepulchre, [332];
quantity of, in a copper box, [207], [208];
piece of cypress, [332];
half-burnt pieces in 4th Sepulchre, ibid.;
various objects of wood, ibid.
(Comp. BOXES, BUTTONS, SWORD-HANDLES, SWORD-SHEATHS.)
Writing unknown at Mycenæ, so far as the excavations shew, [336].