kaj, and.
sed, but.
ĉar, because, for.
ankaŭ, also.
ol, than.
se, if.
, or.
ĉu, whether.
ke, that.
kvazaŭ, as if.
kvankam, although.
almenaŭ, at least.
tamen, however.
do, then, therefore.

The following are also useful:—

kaj ... kaj, both ... and.
... , either ... or.
ĉu ... , whether ... or.
ĉu ... ĉu, whether ... whether.
nek ... nek, neither ... nor.
eĉ se, even if.
same kiel, the same as.

EXCLAMATIONS. INTERJECTIONS.

The following are simply exclamations of joy grief, surprise, etc.:—

ah! aha! ah!
ha! ah!
he! halloo! hey!
hm! hm! humph!
ho! oh!
oho! ho!
ho ve! alas!
for! away!
fi! for shame!
nu! well (now)!
nu do! well (now) then!
ja! indeed!
jen! there! look! behold!
bis! again! encore!
kia! what!
bone! good! all right!
brave! bravo!
hura! hurrah!
vere! truly!
efektive! really!
adiaŭ! goodbye!
bonvenu! welcome!
kompreneble! of course!
vivu! long live!
antaŭen! forward!
ĉu vere? is it true?
ĉu ne? is it not?

COMPOUND WORDS.

It is often convenient to form compound words, as poŝtkarto, forpeli, ĉiuminute, stacidomo, senmove, telertuketo. When this is done, the word expressing the principal idea is placed last.

Generally it is sufficient to use the root of the qualifying word, but if the sound or sense requires it, the whole word is taken, as unutaga means "of one day"; unuataga, "of the first day."