[174]They occur on the Small Hierakonpolis palette: Capart, op. cit., Fig. 172.
[175]See also the University College knife-handle (Capart, op. cit., 72, Fig. 37) and the Berlin knife-handle (Capart, op. cit., 73, Fig. 38.)
[176]Gebel el Arak knife-handle ([Fig. 23]); Small Louvre palette (Capart, op. cit., 235, Fig. 174); Lion palette (Capart, op. cit., 239, Fig. 178 plus 241, Fig. 180); Zaki Youssef Saad, Royal Excavations at Saqqara and Helwan, 1944-5, Supplément aux Annales du Service des Antiquités de l’Egypte, 166, Fig. 14.
[177]The Egyptian manner of representing carnivores and their prey is shown in the central row of animals on the Hunters’ palette ([Fig. 25]) where they appear in headlong flight. See also the Small Hierakonpolis palette and Egyptian renderings of the historical periods. In Mesopotamia the prey is rendered as unaffected by the attack; our [Fig. 14], for instance, can be matched by a seal (Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, Plate V a) where a lion is shown striking his claws into a bull’s hindquarters. The bull stands as in our figure. This is but one example from many. Another instance of this rendering in Egypt is found on a macehead from Hierakonpolis (Capart, op. cit., 97, Fig. 68) with alternating dogs and lions, each of which attacks the one before him with teeth and claws. This type of design, a circular interlocking by activation of the individual figures, is characteristic for Mesopotamia and occurs on numerous cylinder seals, on the silver vase of Entemena, and on the macehead of Mesilim of Kish in the Louvre.
[178]See Frankfort, Cylinder Seals, Epilogue et passim.
[179]See Frankfort, “The Origin of Monumental Architecture in Egypt,” in American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures, LVIII (1941), 329-58. In this article we have not only discussed the detailed technical similarities between recessed brick building in the two countries but also demonstrated the inadequacy of prevalent explanations of the Egyptian examples, “irrespective the fact that they failed to account for the contemporary construction of similar buildings in Mesopotamia.”
[180]This does not imply that they must have been mean structures. In Uganda, for instance, no fewer than a thousand men are continuously engaged in the royal enclosure on building and repairs (John Roscoe, The Baganda, 366).
[181]See also Borchardt, “Das Grab des Menes,” in Zeitschrift für Aegyptische Sprache, XXXVI (1898), 87-105.
[182]This is the Riemchenverband, observed by the excavators of Erech (E. Heinrich, Schilf und Lehm, 40) and of Tell Asmar (Delougaz and Lloyd, Pre-Sargonid Temples in the Diyala Region [Chicago, 1942], 169, Fig. 127).
[183]In our [figure] and in the tomb of Neithotep (“Das Grab des Menes”—see [n. 2], above), the structures, like the Babylonian temples, appear to stand on a brick platform; but in reality a low revetment was built up against the outside of the walls after these had been built up—complete with recesses—from the foundations. In Babylonia this apparent platform is called a kisu.