Paint Technology and Tests

by Henry A. Gardner

Section of Fence Showing New Panels Recently Placed

Appearance of 1909 Tests

An inspection of these new tests was made during June, 1910, and the results of the inspection are shown on [pages 178] to [181]. The results of the inspection prove that it is unsafe to use lithopone in a paint containing white lead of any type, early darkening and failure being shown in every case where such a combination existed. The formulas in the new test, which were properly balanced and which had a low percentage of lithopone combined with zinc oxide and whiting, presented in some cases very good surfaces. A rough, sandy surface, however, was shown where lithopone was used in any great quantity.

TESTS INAUGURATED IN 1909
RESULTS OF INSPECTION OF ATLANTIC CITY TEST FENCE, MAY, 1910

FORMULAS													REPORT OF INSPECTION				Pa- nel Num- ber
For- mu- la Num- ber	Basic Car- bonate White Lead	Zinc Oxide	Basic Sul- phate White Lead	Preci- pitated White Lead	Zinc Lead	Litho- pone	INERT PIGMENTS
							Cal- cium Car- bonate	Silica	Asbes- tine	China Clay	Bary- tes	Blanc Fixe
													CHALKING	CHECKING	GENERAL CONDITION	REMARKS
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
1	—	—	45	—	—	40	15	—	—	—	—	—	None	None	Rough surface, but fair for repainting		1
2	—	—	45	—	—	40	—	15	—	—	—	—	None	None	Fair; rough surface and slightly dark		2
3	—	45	—	—	—	45	10	—	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Very slight	Good; very white surface		3
4	—	—	45	—	—	45	10	—	—	—	—	—	None	None	Rough surface and slightly dark		4
5	—	40	—	—	—	40	20	—	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Very slight	Good; very white surface		5
6	—	—	45	—	—	35	—	—	20	—	—	—	None	None	Rough surface; dark		6
7	50	—	—	—	36	—	—	—	2	8	4	—	None	Very slight lateral checking	Good		7
8	—	—	50	—	—	36	—	—	2	8	4	—	Heavy	Slight	Excellent; very white		8
9	—	—	50	—	—	36	—	—	2	—	12	—	Heavy	Some	Excellent; very white		9
10	—	36	50	—	—	—	—	—	2	8	4	—	None	Slight	Good		10
11	28	55	—	—	—	—	—	—	3	—	7	7	None	Slight	Good; slightly dark		11
12	—	55	28	—	—	—	—	—	3	—	7	7	None	Slight lateral	Good		12
13	—	60	—	—	—	30	10	—	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Considerable lateral running along grain of wood	Fair		13
14	—	30	30	—	—	30	10	—	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Considerable lateral running along grain of wood	Fair		14
15	—	—	60	—	—	30	—	—	10	—	—	—	Heavy	Slight lateral checking	Fair		15
16	—	—	—	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	Heavy	Considerable	Dark color; rough surface		16
17	—	—	—	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	Considerable	Medium	Better than No. 16; not as rough or dark		17
18	33	33	—	—	—	—	—	17	—	17	—	—	Very slight	None	Good		18
19	34	33	—	—	—	—	—	33	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Slight	Good		19
20	34	33	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	33	—	—	Very slight	None	Good		20
21	[23]100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Slight	Slight	Fair; rough surface		21
22	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Very slight	Lateral cracking	Fairly good		22
23	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Medium	Lateral cracking	Fair		23
24	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Slight	Slight cracking	Good for repainting		24
25	—	—	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Medium	None	Good surface		25
26	—	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Heavy	Slight cracking	Fair; surface rough & dark		26
27	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Heavy	Lateral cracking	Fair		27
28	100	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	Medium	Considerable	Poor; very rough, dark surface		28
29	24	45	13	—	—	—	—	—	18	—	—	—	Slight	None	Good		29
30	45	—	—	—	—	40	15	—	—	—	—	—	Heavy	Heavy checking and alligatoring	Poor		30
31	45	—	—	—	—	40	—	15	—	—	—	—	None	Alligatoring	Rough surface; dark		31
32	45	—	—	—	—	35	—	—	20	—	—	—	Slight	Medium	Dark and rough surface		32
33	50	—	—	—	—	36	—	—	2	—	12	—	Considerable	Slight	Poor; dark surface		33
34	75	—	25	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	None	None	Fair; dark surface		34
35	50	—	50	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	None	Slight	Fair; rough surface		35
36	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	100	—	—	—	—	Extremely bad	Medium	Fair	Vehicle disintegrated; spotted in places	36