LAURACEAE, the Laurel Family

Trees or shrubs, with aromatic taste or odor, and alternate simple leaves; flowers small, imperfect, the anthers opening by lids.

1a. Freely branched shrub; leaves obovate-oblong, entire (flowers yellow, in early spring, before the leaves)Spice Bush, Benzoin aestivale.
1b. Tree or tall shrub; some or all of the leaves 2-3-lobed (flowers greenish-yellow, appearing with the leaves)Sassafras, Sassafras variifolium.

PAPAVERACEAE, the Poppy Family

Herbs with milky or colored juice, regular flowers, 2 sepals, 4, 6, or 8 petals, numerous stamens, and a 1-celled ovary.

1a. Leaves palmately lobed; flower 2.5-5 cm. wide, with 8 petals or more (leaf basal; flower white, in early spring)Bloodroot, Sanguinaria canadensis.
1b. Leaves pinnately toothed or lobed; flower 7-10 cm. wide, with 4-6 petals (4-8 cm. high; leaves clasping; summer)Poppy, Papaver somniferum.
1c. Leaves divided pinnately to the mid-rib into several toothed or lobed segments; flower 2.5 cm. broad or less (3-5 cm. high; flowers yellow) [— 2.]
2a. Flowers in clusters of 2-4, about 3 cm. wide (spring)Celandine Poppy, Stylophorum diphyllum.
2b. Flowers in umbels of 3-8, about 1.5 cm. wideCelandine, Chelidonium majus.

FUMARIACEAE, the Fumitory Family

Herbs with watery juice, compound or dissected leaves, and irregular flowers; sepals 2, small; petals 4, in two pairs, and one or both of the outer pair spurred at the base; stamens 6.

1a. Both outer petals spurred or sack-like at the base [— 2.]
1b. One outer petal spurred or sack-like at the base [— 4.]
2a. A climbing vine with flowers in panicles (white or pinkish flowers in summer)Climbing Fumitory, Adlumia fungosa.
2b. Low herbs (2-4 cm.) with basal leaves and white or pinkish flowers in racemes (early spring) [— 3.]
3a. Spurs of the corolla triangular, divergentDutchman's Breeches, Dicentra cucullaria.
3b. Spurs of the corolla short and roundedSquirrel Corn, Dicentra canadensis.
4a. Flowers about 5 mm. long, pink-purple tipped with red (3-8 dm. high; summer)Fumitory, Fumaria officinalis.
4b. Flowers 10 mm. long or more, yellow, at least at the tip (2-6 dm. high) (Corydalis) [— 5.]
5a. Flowers yellow throughout (spring)Corydalis, Corydalis aurea.
5b. Flowers pink, tipped with yellow (summer).Corydalis, Corydalis sempervirens.

CRUCIFERAE, the Mustard Family