DIPSACACEAE, the Teasel Family

Herbs with opposite leaves, and small pale blue flowers aggregated in dense heads; calyx minute; petals 4, united; stamens 4, attached to the corolla; ovary inferior.

One species in Michigan, 1-2 m. high, with prickly leaves and stem, blooming in summerTeasel, Dipsacus sylvestris.

CUCURBITACEAE, the Gourd Family

Herbs, climbing by tendrils, with alternate palmately lobed leaves and imperfect flowers; staminate flowers in showy clusters, with 5-6 petals and 3 stamens; pistillate flowers small.

1a. Leaves 5-angled or shallowy 5-lobed (flowers white, summer)Bur Cucumber, Sicyos angulatus.
1b. Leaves 5-lobed to about the middle (commonly cultivated and frequently wild; flowers white, summer)Wild Cucumber, Echinocystis lobata.

CAMPANULACEAE, the Bellflower Family

Herbs with alternate simple leaves and milky juice; sepals 5; petals 5, united; stamens 5, attached at the very base of the corolla; ovary inferior.

1a. Stem-leaves circular or nearly so, cordate-clasping at base (2-6 dm. high; flowers blue, axillary, in summer)Venus' Looking-Glass, Specularia perfoliata.
1b. Stem-leaves linear or nearly so, not over 1 cm. wide (summer) [— 2.]
1c. Stem-leaves ovate to lanceolate, 2 cm. wide or more (flowers blue, in a terminal spike or raceme, summer) (Bellflower) [— 4.]
2a. Stem and leaves glabrous (or rarely pubescent) (1-6 dm. high; flowers blue)Harebell, Campanula rotundifolia.
2b. Stem and leaves rough with reflexed bristles (marsh plants, with weak slender stems 3-10 dm. long; flowers white or pale-blue) (Marsh Bellflower) [— 3.]
3a. Corolla 5-8 mm. longMarsh Bellflower, Campanula aparinoides.
3b. Corolla 10-12 mm. longMarsh Bellflower, Campanula uliginosa.
4a. Corolla rotate; flowers in spikes (6-15 dm. high)Bellflower, Campanula americana.
4b. Corolla bell-shape; flowers in one-sided racemes (4-10 dm. high)Bellflower, Campanula rapunculoides.