THE PLANTS OF MICHIGAN
PINACEAE, the Pine Family
Trees or shrubs, usually evergreen, with needle-like or scale-like leaves; fruit a cone or berry.
| 1a. Leaves in clusters of 2-5 [— 2.] | |
| 1b. Leaves mostly in clusters of 10 or more, on short lateral wart-like branches, deciduous each autumn | Tamarack, Larix laricina. |
| 1c. Leaves not in clusters [— 4.] | |
| 2a. Leaves in clusters of 5 | White Pine, Pinus strobus. |
| 2b. Leaves in clusters of 2 or 3 [— 3.] | |
| 3a. Leaves 8-15 cm. long | Norway Pine, Pinus resinosa. |
| 3b. Leaves 2-4 cm. long | Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana. |
| 4a. Leaves alternate or scattered [— 5.] | |
| 4b. Leaves opposite or whorled [— 8.] | |
| 5a. Leaves four-sided [— 6.] | |
| 5b. Leaves flattened [— 7.] | |
| 6a. Leaves 6-12 mm. long | Black Spruce, Picea mariana. |
| 6b. Leaves 15-25 mm. long | White Spruce, Picea canadensis. |
| 7a. Leaves short-stalked, 15 mm. long or less | Hemlock, Tsuga canadensis. |
| 7b. Leaves sessile, 15-30 mm. long | Balsam, Abies balsamea. |
| 8a. Leafy twigs soft and flattened | White Cedar, Thuja occidentalis. |
| 8b. Leafy twigs not distinctly flattened [— 9.] | |
| 9a. Leaves opposite [— 10.] | |
| 9b. Leaves in whorls of three [— 11.] | |
| 10a. Erect shrub or tree | Red Cedar, Juniperus virginiana. |
| 10b. Prostrate or spreading shrub | Creeping Cedar, Juniperus horizontalis. |
| 11a. Erect shrub or small tree | Juniper, Juniperus communis. |
| 11b. Spreading or ascending shrub, growing in dense mats | Low Juniper, Juniperus communis var. depressa. |
TAXACEAE, the Yew Family
Shrubs, with needle-like evergreen leaves; fruit red and berry-like.
| One species in Michigan; straggling shrub 1-3 m. high | Ground Hemlock, Taxus canadensis. |