GLOSSARY.
ABDOMEN (Lat. abdo, I conceal). The posterior cavity of the body, containing the intestines and others of the viscera. In many Invertebrates there is no separation of the body-cavity into thorax and abdomen, and it is only in the higher Annulosa that a distinct abdomen can be said to exist.
ABERRANT (Lat. aberro, I wander away). Departing from the regular type.
ABNORMAL (Lat. ab, from; norma, a rule). Irregular; deviating from the ordinary standard.
ACRODUS (Gr. akros, high; odous, tooth). A genus of the Cestraciont fishes, so called from the elevated teeth.
ACROGENS (Gr. akros, high; gennao, I produce). Plants which increase in height by additions made to the summit of the stem by the union of the bases of the leaves.
ACROTRETA (Gr. akros, high; tretos, pierced). A genus of Brachiopods, so called from the presence of a foramen at the summit of the shell.
ACTINOCRINUS (Gr. aktin, a ray; krinon, a lily). A genus of Crinoids.
ACTINOZOA (Gr. aktin, a ray; and zoön, an animal). That division of the Cœlenterata of which the Sea-anemones may be taken as the type.
ÆGLINA (Æglé, a sea-nymph). A genus of Trilobites.
ÆPIORNIS (Gr. aipus, huge; ornis, bird). A genus of gigantic Cursorial birds.
AGNOSTUS (Gr. a, not; gignosko, I know). A genus of Trilobites.
ALCES (Lat. alces, elk). The European Elk or Moose.
ALECTO (the proper name of one of the Furies). A genus of Polyzoa.
ALETHOPTERIS (Gr. alethes, true; pteris, fern). A genus of Ferns.
ALGÆ. (Lat. alga, a marine plant). The order of plants comprising the Sea-weeds and many fresh-water plants.
ALVEOLUS (Lat. alvus, belly). Applied to the sockets of the teeth.
AMBLYPTERUS (Gr. amblus, blunt; pteron, fin). An order of Ganoid Fishes.
AMBONYCHIA (Gr. ambon, a boss; onux, claw). A genus of Palæozoic Bivalves.
AMBULACRA (Lat. ambulacrum, a place for walking). The perforated spaces or "avenues" through which are protruded the tube-feet, by means of which locomotion is effected in the Echinodermata.
AMMONITIDÆ. A family of Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods, so called from the resemblance of the shell of the type-genus, Ammonites, to the horns of the Egyptian God, Jupiter-Ammon.
AMORPHOZOA (Gr. a, without; morphe, shape; zoön, animal). A name sometimes used to designate the Sponges.
AMPHIBIA (Gr. amphi, both; bios, life). The Frogs, Newts, and the like, which have gills when young, but can always breathe air directly when adult.
AMPHICYON (Gr. amphi, both—implying doubt; kuon, dog). An extinct genus of Carnivora.
AMPHILESTES (Gr. amphi, both; lestes, a thief). A genus of Jurassic Mammals.
AMPHISPONGIA (Gr. amphi, both; spoggos, sponge). A genus of Silurian sponges.
AMPHISTEGINA (Gr. amphi, both; stegé, roof). A genus of Foraminifera.
AMPHITHERIUM (Gr. amphi, both; therion, beast). A genus of Jurassic Mammals.
AMPHITRAGULUS (Gr. amphi, both; dim. of tragos, goat). An extinct genus related to the living Musk-deer.
AMPLEXUS (Lat. an Ambrace). A genus of Rugose Corals.
AMPYX (Gr. ampux, a wreath or wheel). A genus of Trilobites.
ANARTHROPODA (Gr. a. without; arthros, a joint; pous, foot). That division of Annulose animals in which there are no articulated appendages.
ANCHITHERIUM (Gr. agchi, near; therion, beast). An extinct genus of Mammals.
ANCYLOCERAS (Gr. agkulos, crooked; ceras, horn). A genus of Ammonitidœ.
ANCYLOTHERIUM (Gr. agkulos, crooked; therion, beast). An extinct genus of Edentate Mammals.
ANDRIAS (Gr. andrias, image of man). An extinct genus of tailed Amphibians.
ANGIOSPERMS (Gr. angeion, a vessel; sperma, seed). Plants which have their seeds enclosed in a seed-vessel.
ANNELIDA (a Gallicised form of Annulata). The Ringed Worms, which form one of the divisions of the Anarthropoda.
ANNULARIA (Lat. annulus, a ring). A genus of Palæozoic plants, with leaves in whorls.
ANNULOSA (Lat. annulus). The sub-kingdom comprising the Anarthropoda and the Arthropoda or Articulata, in all of which the body is more or less evidently composed of a succession of rings.
ANOMODONTIA (Gr. anomos, irregular; odous, tooth). An extinct order of Reptiles, often called Dicynodontia.
ANOMURA (Gr. anomos, irregular; oura, tail). A tribe of Decapod Crustacea, of which the Hermit-crab is the type.
ANOPLOTHERIDÆ (Gr. anoplos, unarmed; ther, beast). A family of Tertiary Ungulates.
ANOURA (Gr. a, without; oura, tail). The order of Amphibia comprising the Frogs and Toads, in which the adult is destitute of a tail. Often, called Batrachia.
ANTENNÆ (Lat. antenna, a yard-arm). The jointed horns or feelers possessed by the majority of the Articulata.
ANTENNULES (dim. of Antennœ). Applied to the smaller pair of antennæ in the Crustacea.
ANTHRACOSAURUS (Gr. anthrax, coal; saura, lizard). A genus of Labyrinthodont Amphibians.
ANTHRAPALÆMON (Gr. anthrax, coal; palœmon, a prawn—originally a proper name). A genus of long-tailed Crustaceans from the Coal-measures.
ANTLERS. Properly the branches of the horns of the Deer tribe (Cervidœ), but generally applied to the entire horns.
APIOCRINIDÆ (Gr. apion, a pear; krinon, lily). A family of Crinoids—the "Pear-encrinites."
APTERYX (Gr. a, without; pterux, a wing). A wingless bird of New Zealand, belong to the order Cursores.
AQUEOUS (Lat. aqua, water). Formed in or by water.
ARACHNIDA (Gr. arachne, a spider). A class of the Articulata, comprising Spiders, Scorpions, and allied animals.
ARBORESCENT. Branched like a tree.
ARCHÆOCIDARIS (Gr. archaios, ancient; Lat. cidaris, a diadem). A Palæozoic genus of Sea-urchins, related to the existing Cidaris.
ARCHÆOCYATHUS (Gr. archaios, ancient; kuathos, cup). A genus of Palæozoic fossils allied to the Sponges.
ARCHÆOPTERYX (Gr. archaios, ancient; pterux, a wing). The singular fossil bird which alone constitutes the order of the Saururœ.
ARCTOCYON (Gr. arctos, bear; kuon, dog). An extinct genus of Carnivora.
ARENACEOUS. Sandy, or composed of grains of sand.
ARENICOLITES (Lat. arena, sand; colo, I inhabit). A genus founded on burrows supposed to be formed by worms resembling the living Lobworms (Arenicola).
ARTICULATA (Lat. articulus, a joint). A division of the animal kingdom, comprising Insects, Centipedes, Spiders, and Crustaceans, characterised by the possession of jointed bodies or jointed limbs. The term Arthropoda is now more usually employed.
ARTIODACTYLA (Gr. artios, even; daktulos, a finger or toe). A division of the hoofed quadrupeds (Ungulata) in which each foot has an even number of toes (two or four).
ASAPHUS (Gr. Asaphes, obscure). A genus of Trilobites.
ASCOCERAS (Gr. askos, a leather bottle; keras, horn). A genus of Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods.
ASIPHONATE. Not possessing a respiratory tube or siphon. (Applied to a division of the Lamellibranchiate Molluscs.)
ASTEROID (Gr. aster, a star; and eidos, form). Star-shaped, or possessing radiating lobes or rays like a star-fish.
ASTEROIDEA. An order of Echinodermata, comprising the Star-fishes, characterised by their rayed form.
ASTEROPHYLLITES (Gr. aster, a star; phullon, leaf). A genus of Palæozoic plants, with leaves in whorls.
ASTRÆIDÆ (Gr. Astrœa, a proper name). The family of the Star-corals.
ASTYLOSPONGIA (Gr. a, without; stulos, a column; spoggos, a sponge). A genus of Silurian Sponges.
ATHYRIS (Gr. a, without; thura, door). A genus of Brachiopods.
ATRYPA (Gr. a, without; trupa, a hole). A genus of Brachiopods.
AVES (Lat. avis, a bird). The class of the Birds.
AVICULA (Lat. a little bird). The genus of Bivalve Molluscs comprising the Pearl-oysters.
AXOPHYLLUM (Gr. axon, a pivot; phullon, a leaf). A genus of Rugose Corals.
AZOIC (Gr. a, without; zoé, life). Destitute of traces of living beings.
BACULITES (Lat. baculum, a staff). A genus of the Ammonitidœ.
BALÆNA (Lat. a whale). The genus of the Whalebone Whales.
BALANIDÆ (Gr. balanos, an acorn). A family of sessile Cirripedes, commonly called "Acorn-shells."
BATRACHIA (Gr. batrachos, a frog). Often loosely applied to any of the Amphibia, but sometimes restricted to the Amphibians as a class, or to the single order of the Anoura.
BELEMNITIDÆ (Gr. belemnon, a dart). An extinct group of Dibranchiate Cephalopods, comprising the Belemnites and their allies.
BELEMNOTEUTHIS (Gr. belemnon, a dart; teuthis, a cuttle-fish). A genus allied to the Belemnites proper.
BELINURUS (Gr. belos, a dart; oura, tail). A genus of fossil King-crabs.
BELLEROPHON (Gr. proper name). A genus of oceanic Univalves (Heteropoda).
BELOTEUTHIS (Gr. belos, a dart; teuthis, a cuttle-fish). An extinct genus of Dibranchiate Cephalopods.
BEYRICHIA (named after Prof. Beyrich). A genus of Ostracode Crustaceans.
BILATERAL. Having two symmetrical sides.
BIMANA (Lat. Bis, twice; manus, a hand). The order of Mammalia comprising man alone.
BIPEDAL (Lat. bis, twice; pes, foot). Walking upon two legs.
BIVALVE (Lat. bis, twice; valvœ, folding-doors). Composed of two plates or valves; applied to the shell of the Lamellibranchiata and Brachiopoda, and to the carapace of certain Crustacea.
BLASTOIDEA (Gr. blastos, a bud; and eidos, form). An extinct order of Echinodermata, often called Pentremites.
BRACHIOPODA (Gr. brachion, an arm; pous, the foot). A class or the Molluscoida, often called "Lamp-shells," characterised by possessing two fleshy arms continued from the sides of the mouth.
BRACHYURA (Gr. brachus, short; oura, tail). A tribe of the Decapod Crustaceans with short tails (i.e., the Crabs).
BRADYPODIDÆ. (Gr. bradus, slow; podes, feet). The family of Edentata comprising the Sloths.
BRANCHIA (Gr. bragchia, the gill of a fish). A respiratory organ adapted to breathe air dissolved in water.
BRANCHIATE. Possessing gills or branchiæ.
BRONTEUS (Gr. broné, thunder—an epithet of Jupiter the Thunderer). A genus of Trilobites.
BRONTOTHERIUM (Gr. bronté, thunder; therion beast). An extinct genus of Ungulate Quadrupeds.
BRONTOZOUM (Gr. bronté, thunder; zoön, animal). A genus founded on the largest footprints of the Triassic Sandstones of Connecticut.
BUCCINUM (Lat. buccinun, a trumpet). The genus of Univalves comprising the Whelks.
CAINOZOIC (See Kainozoic.)
CALAMITES (Lat. calamus, a reed). Extinct plants with reed-like stems, believed to be gigantic representatives of the Equisetaceœ.
CALCAREOUS (Lat. calx, lime). Composed of carbonate of lime.
CALICE. The little cup in which the polype of a coralligenous Zoophyte (Actinozoön) is contained.
CALYMENE (Gr. kalumené, concealed). A genus of Trilobites.
CALYX (Lat. a cup). Applied to the cup-shaped body of a Crinoid (Echinodermata).
CAMAROPHORIA (Gr. kamara, a chamber; phero, I carry). A genus of Brachiopods.
CAMELOPARDALIDÆ. (Lat. camelus, a camel; pardalis, a panther). The family of the Giraffes.
CANINE (Lat. canis, a dog). The eye-tooth of Mammals, or the tooth which is placed at or close to the præmaxillary suture in the upper jaw, and the corresponding tooth in the lower jaw.
CARAPACE. A protective shield. Applied to the upper shell of Crabs, Lobsters, and many other Crustacea. Also the upper half of the immovable case in which the body of a Chelonian is protected.
CARCHARODON (Gr. karcharos. rough; odous, tooth). A genus of Sharks.
CARDIOCARPON (Gr. kardia, the heart; karpos, fruit). A genus of fossil fruit from the Coal-measures.
CARDIUM (Gr. kardia, the heart). The genus of Bivalve Molluscs comprising the Cockles. Cardinia, Cardiola, and Cardita have the same derivation.
CARNIVORA (Lat. caro, flesh; voro, I devour). An order of the Mammalia. The "Beasts of Prey."
CARNIVOROUS (Lat. caro, flesh; voro, I devour). Feeding upon flesh.
CARYOCARIS (Gr. karua, a nut; karis, a shrimp). A genus of Phyllopod Crustaceans.
CARYOCRINUS (Gr. karua, a nut; krinon, a lily). A genus of Cystideans.
CAUDAL (Lat. cauda, the tail). Belonging to the tail.
CAVICORNIA (Lat. cavus, hollow; cornu, a horn). The "hollow-horned" Ruminants, in which the horn consists of a central bony "horn-core" surrounded by a horny sheath.
CENTRUM (Gr. kentron, the point round which a circle is described by a pair of compasses). The central portion or "body" of a vertebra.
CEPHALASPIDÆ. (Gr. kephale, head; aspis, shield). A family of fossil fishes.
CEPHALIC (Gr. kephale, head). Belonging to the head.
CEPHALOPODA (Gr. kephale; and podes, feet). A class of the Mollusca, comprising the Cuttle-fishes and their allies, in which there is a series of arms ranged round the head.
CERATIOCARIS (Gr. keras, a horn; karis, a shrimp). A genus of Phyllopod Crustaceans.
CERATITES (Gr. keras, a horn). A genus of Ammonitidœ.
CERATODUS (Gr. keras, a horn; odous, tooth). A genus of Dipnoous fishes.
CERVICAL (Lat. cervix, the neck). Connected with or belonging to the region of the neck.
CERVIDÆ (Lat. cervus, a stag). The family of the Deer.
CESTRAPHORI (Gr. kestra, a weapon; phero, I carry). The group of the "Cestraciont Fishes," represented at the present day by the Port-Jackson Shark; so called from their defensive spines.
CETACEA (Gr. ketos, a whale). The order of Mammals comprising the Whales and the Dolphins.
CETIOSAURUS (Gr. ketos, whale; saura, lizard). A genus of Deinosaurian Reptiles.
CHEIROPTERA (Gr. cheir, hand; pteron, wing). The Mammalian order of the Bats.
CHEIROTHERIUM (Gr. cheir, hand; therion, beast). The generic name applied originally to the hand-shaped footprints of Labyrinthodonts.
CHEIRURUS (Gr. cheir, hand; oura, tail). A genus of Trilobites.
CHELONIA (Gr. cheloné, a tortoise). The Reptilian order of the Tortoises and Turtles.
CHONETES (Gr. choné or choané, a chamber or box). A genus of Brachiopods.
CIDARIS (Lat. a diadem). A genus of Sea-urchins.
CLADODUS (Gr. klados, branch; odous, tooth). A genus of Fishes.
CLATHROPORA (Lat. clathti, a trellis; porus, a pore). A genus of Lace-corals (Polyzoa).
CLISIOPHYLLUM (Gr. klision, a hut; phullon, leaf). A genus of Rugose Corals.
CLYMENIA (Clumene, a proper name). A genus of Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods.
COCCOSTEUS (Gr. kokkos, berry; osteon, bone). A genus of Ganoid Fishes.
COCHLIODUS (Gr. kochlion, a snail-shell; odous, tooth). A genus of Cestraciont Fishes.
CŒLENTERATA (Gr. koilos, hollow; enteron, the bowel). The sub-kingdom which comprises the Hydrozoa and Actinozoa. Proposed by Frey and Leuckhart in place of the old term Radiata, which included other animals as well.
COLEOPTERA (Gr. koleos, a sheath; pteron, wing). The order of Insects (Beetles) in which the anterior pair of wings are hardened, and serve as protective cases for the posterior pair of membranous wings.
COLOSSOCHELYS (Gr. kolossos, a gigantic statue; chelus, a tortoise). A huge extinct Land-tortoise.
COMATULA (Gr. koma, the hair). The Feather-star, so called in allusion to its tress-like arms.
CONDYLE (Gr. kondulos, a knuckle). The surface by which one bone articulates with another. Applied especially to the articular surface or surfaces by which the skull articulates with the vertebral column.
CONIFERÆ (Lat. conus, a cone; fero, I carry). The order of the Firs, Pines, and their allies, in which the fruit is generally a "cone" or "fir-apple."
CONULARIA (Lat. conulus, a little-cone). An extinct genus of Pteropods.
COPRALITES (Gr. kopros, dung; lithos, stone). Properly applied to the fossilised excrements of animals; but often employed to designate phosphatic concretions which are not of this nature.
CORALLITE. The corallum secreted by an Actinozoön which consists of a single polype; or the portion of a composite corallum which belongs to, and is secreted by, an individual polype.
CORALLUM (from the Latin for Red Coral). The hard structures deposited in, or by the tissues of an Actinozoön,—commonly called a "coral."
CORIACEOUS (Lat. corium. hide). Leathery.
CORYPHODON (Gr. korus, helmet; odous, tooth). An extinct genus of Mammals, allied to the Tapirs.
CRANIUM (Gr. kranion, the skull). The bony or cartilaginous case in which the brain is contained.
CRETACEOUS (Lat. creta, chalk). The formation which in Europe contains white chalk as one of its most conspicuous members.
CRINOIDEA (Gr. krinon, a lily; eidos, form). An order of Echinodermata, comprising forms which are usually stalked, and sometimes resemble lilies in shape.
CRIOCERAS (Gr. krios, a ram; keras, a horn). A genus of Ammonitidœ.
CROCODILIA (Gr. krokodeilos, a crocodile). An order of Reptiles.
CROSSOPTERYGIDÆ. (Gr. krossotos, a fringe; pterux, a fin). A sub-order of Ganoids in which the paired fins possess a central lobe.
CRUSTACEA (Lat. crusta, a crust). A class of Articulate animals, comprising Crabs, Lobsters, &c., characterised by the possession of a hard shell or crust, which they cast periodically.
CRYPTOGAMS (Gr. kruptos, concealed; gamos, marriage). A division of plants in which the organs of reproduction are obscure and there are no true flowers.
CTENACANTHUS (Gr. kteis, a comb; akantha, a thorn). A genus of fossil fishes, named from its fin-spines.
CTENOID (Gr. kteis, a comb; eidos, form). Applied to those scales of fishes the hinder margins of which are fringed with spines or comb-like projections.
CURSORES (Lat. curro, I run). An order of Aves, comprising birds destitute of the power of flight, but formed for running vigorously (e.g., the Ostrich and Emeu).
CUSPIDATE. Furnished with small pointed eminences or "cusps."
CYATHOCRINUS (Gr. kuathos, a cup; krinon, a lily). A genus of Crinoids.
CYATHOPHYLLUM (Gr. kuathos, a cup; phullon, a leaf). A genus of Rugose Corals.
CYCLOID (Gr. kuklos, a circle; eidos, form). Applied to those scales of fishes which have a regularly circular or elliptical outline with an even margin.
CYCLOPHTHALMUS (Gr. kuklos, a circle; ophthalmos, eye). A genus of fossil Scorpions.
CYCLOSTOMI (Gr. kuklos, and stoma, mouth). Sometimes used to designate the Hag-fishes and Lampreys, forming the order Marsipobranchii.
CYPRÆA (a name of Venus). The genus of Univalve Molluscs comprising the Cowries.
CYRTOCERAS (Gr. kurtos. crooked; keras, horn). A genus of Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods.
CYSTIPHYLLUM (Gr. kustis, a bladder; phullon, a leaf). A genus of Rugose Corals.
CYSTOIDEA (Gr. kustis, a bladder; eidos, form). The "Globe-crinoids," an extinct order of Echinodermata.
DADOXYLON (Gr. dadion, a torch; xulon, wood). An extinct genus of Coniferous trees.
DECAPODA (Gr. deka, ten; podes, feet). The division of Crustacea which have ten feet; also the family of Cuttle-fishes, in which there are ten arms or cephalic processes.
DECIDUOUS (Lat. decido, I fall off). Applied to parts which fall off or are shed during the life of the animal.
DEINOSAURIA (Gr. deinos, terrible; saura, lizard). An extinct order of Reptiles.
DEINOTHERIUM (Gr. deinos, terrible; therion, beast). An extinct genus of Proboscidean Mammals.
DENDROGRAPTUS (Gr. dendron, tree; grapho, I write). A genus of Graptolites.
DESMIDIÆ. Minute fresh-water plants, of a green colour, without a siliceous epidermis.
DIATOMACEÆ (Gr. diatemno, I sever). An order of minute plants which are provided with siliceous envelopes.
DIBRANCHIATA (Gr. dis; twice; bragchia, gill). The order of Cephalopoda (comprising the Cuttle-fishes, &c.) in which only two gills are present.
DICERAS (Gr. dis, twice; keras, horn). An extinct genus of Bivalve Molluscs.
DICTYONEMA (Gr. diktuon, a net; nema, thread). An extinct genus of Polyzoa.
DICYNODONTIA (Gr. dis, twice; kuon, dog; odous, tooth). An extinct order of Reptiles.
DIDYMOGRAPTUS (Gr. didumos, twin; grapho, I write). A genus of Graptolites.
DIMORPHODON (Gr. dis, twice; morphé, shape; oduos, tooth). A genus of Pterosaurian reptiles.
DINICHTHYS (Gr. deinos, terrible; ichthus, fish). An extinct genus of Fishes.
DINOCERAS (Gr. deinos, terrible; keras, horn). An extinct genus of Mammals.
DINOPHIS (Gr. deinos, terrible; ophis, snake). An extinct genus of Snakes.
DINORNIS (Gr. deinos, terrible; ornis, bird). An extinct genus of Birds.
DIPLOGRAPTUS (Gr. diplos, double; grapho, I write). A genus of Graptolites.
DIPNOI (Gr. dis, twice; pnoé, breath). An order of Fishes, comprising the Mud-fishes, so called in allusion to their double mode of respiration.
DIPROTODON (Gr. dis, twice; protos, first; odous, tooth). A genus of extinct Marsupials.
DIPTERA (Gr. dis, twice; pteron, wing). An order of Insects characterised by the possession of two wings.
DISCOID (Gr. diskos, a quoit; eidos, form). Shaped like a round plate or quoit.
DOLOMITE (named after M. Dolomieu). Magnesian limestone.
DORSAL (Lat. dorsum, the back). Connected with or placed upon the back.
DROMATHERIUM (Gr. dromaios, nimble; therion, beast). A genus of Triassic Mammals.
DRYOPITHECUS (Gr. drus, an oak; pithekos, an ape). An extinct genus of Monkeys.
ECHINODERMATA (Gr. echinos; and derma, skin). A class of animals comprising the Sea-urchins, Star-fishes, and others, most of which have spiny skins.
ECHINOIDEA (Gr. echinos; and eidos, form). An order of Echinodermata, comprising the Sea-urchins.
EDENTATA (Lat. e, without; dens, tooth). An order of Mammalia often called Bruta.
EDENTULOUS. Toothless, without any dental apparatus. Applied to the mouth of any animal, or to the hinge of the Bivalve Molluscs.
ELASMOBRANCHII (Gr. elasma, a plate; bragchia, gill). An order of Fishes, including the Sharks and Rays.
ENALIOSAURIA (Gr. enalios, marine; saura, lizard), Sometimes employed as a common term to designate the extinct Reptilian orders of the Ichthyosauria and Plesiosauria.
EOCENE (Gr. eos, dawn; kainos, new or recent). The lowest division of the Tertiary rocks, in which species of existing shells are to a small extent represented.
EOPHYTON (Gr. eos, dawn; phuton, a plant). A genus of Cambrian fossils, supposed to be of a vegetable nature.
EOZOÖN (Gr. eos, dawn; zoön, animal). A genus of chambered calcareous organisms found in the Laurentian and Huronian formations.
EQUILATERAL (Lat. œquus, equal; latus, side). Having its sides equal. Usually applied to the shells of the Brachiopoda. When applied to the spiral shells of the Foraminifera, it means that all the convolutions of the shell lie in the same plane.
EQUISETACEÆ (Lat. equus, horse; seta, bristle). A group of Cryptogamous plants, commonly known as "Horse-tails."
EQUIVALVE (Lat. œquus, equal; valvœ, folding-doors). Applied to shells which are composed of two equal pieces or valves.
ERRANTIA (Lat. erro, I wander). An order of Annelida, often called Nereidea, distinguished by their great locomotive powers.
EUOMPHALUS (Gr. eu, well; omphalos, navel). An extinct genus of Univalve Molluscs.
EURYPTERIDA (Gr. eurus, broad; pteron, wing). An extinct sub-order of Crustacea.
EXOGYRA (Gr. exo, outside; guros, circle). An extinct genus of Oysters.
FAUNA (Lat. Fauni, the rural deities of the Romans). The general assemblage of the animals of any region or district.
FAVOSITES (Lat. favus, a honeycomb). A genus of Tabulate Corals.
FENESTELLIDÆ. (Lat. fenestella, a little window). The "Lace-corals," a group of Palæozoic Polyzoans.
FILICES (Lat. filix, a fern). The order of Cryptogamic plants comprising the Ferns.
FILIFORM (Lat. filum, a thread; forma, shape). Thread-shaped.
FLORA (Lat. Flora, the goddess of flowers). The general assemblage of the plants of any region or district.
FORAMINIFERA (Lat. foramen, an aperture; fero, I carry). An order of Protozoa, usually characterised by the possession of a shell perforated by numerous pseudopodial apertures.
FRUGIVOROUS (Lat. frux, fruit; voro, I devour). Living upon fruits.
FUCOIDS (Lat. fucus, sea-weed; Gr. eidos, likeness). Fossils, often of an obscure nature, believed to be the remains of sea-weeds.
FUSULINA (Lat. fusus, a spindle). An extinct genus of Foraminifera.
GANOID (Gr, ganos, splendour, brightness). Applied to those scales or plates which are composed of an inferior layer of true bone covered by a superior layer of polished enamel.
GANOIDEI. An order of Fishes.
GASTEROPODA (Gr. gaster, stomach; pous, foot). The class of the Mollusca comprising the ordinary Univalves, in which locomotion is usually effected by a muscular expansion of the under surface of the body (the "foot").
GLOBIGERINA (Lat. globus, a globe; gero, I carry). A genus of Foraminifera.
GLYPTODON (Gr. glupho, I engrave; odous, tooth). An extinct genus of Armadillos, so named in allusion to the fluted teeth.
GONIATITES (Gr. gonia, angle). A genus of Tetrabranchiate Cephalopods.
GRALLATORES (Lat. grallœ, stilts). The order of the long-legged Wading Birds.
GRAPTOLITIDÆ. (Gr. grapho, I write; lithos, stone). An extinct sub-class of the Hydrozoa.
GYMNOSPERMS (Gr. gumnos, naked; sperma, seed). The Conifers and Cycads, in which the seed is not protected within a seed-vessel.