The sales at Sotheby’s in 1896 which realised £2000 and upwards were those of John Tudor Frere, £3747; Sir W. Pole, £4343; Adrian Hope, £3551; Lord Coleridge, £2845; Sir Thomas Phillipps (MSS.), £6988; Sir E. H. Bunbury, £2965, Lord Bateman, £2151; Alfred Crampton, £2492; fine bindings of a collector, £3613; books and MSS. from various collections, £8554.

The chief sales at Sotheby’s in 1897 have been as follows:—Sir Charles Stewart Forbes and others, five days, £5146; Beresford R. Heaton and others, three days, £4054; Sir Cecil Domville and others, four days, £5289.

The great sales, however, of 1897 were those of the first and second portions of the library of the Earl of Ashburnham. In the first part 1683 lots were sold for £30,151, and in the second part 1208 lots for £18,649.

List of Book Sales in the Nineteenth Centurywhich have realised over £10,000.
1812. Duke of Roxburghe £23,397
1813. Ralph Willett (Merly) 13,508
1818‑21. James Brindley over 17,522
1819. John North 12,806
1825. Sir Mark Masterman Sykes 18,729
1827. John Dent 15,040
1828‑35. Earl of Guilford 12,175
1833‑34. P. A. Hanrott 22,409
1834‑36. Richard Heber 56,774
1844‑45. Duke of Sussex 19,148
1849. Duke of Buckingham (Stowe) 14,155
1853. W. Pickering (private library) 10,700
1859‑64. Gulielmo Libri 28,159
1864. George Daniel 15,865
1868‑73. Rev. T. Corser 19,781
1873. Henry Perkins 25,954
1874. Sir William Tite 19,943
1878. R. S. Turner (Paris) 12,764
1879‑81. David Laing 16,536
1881‑83. Sunderland (Blenheim) 56,581
1882‑83. William Beckford 73,551
1884. Duke of Hamilton 12,892
1883. Stourhead (Hoare) 10,028
1884. Earl of Gosford 11,318
1884. Sir J. H. Thorold (Syston Park) 28,000
1885. Earl of Jersey (Osterley Park) 13,007
1885‑87. L. L. Hartley 16,529
1886. F. C. Severne, M.P. (Michael Wodhull) 11,972
1887. Baron Seillière 14,944
1887‑89. Earl of Crawford 26,397
1887‑88. J. T. Gibson-Craig 15,519
1888. Earl of Aylesford 10,574
1888. R. S. Turner 16,244
1889. MSS. from the Duke of Hamilton’s collection (bought privately by the Berlin Government) 15,189
1890. Sir Edward Sullivan 11,002
1891. W. H. Crawford (Lakelands) 21,255
1897. Earl of Ashburnham. Part 1 30,151
1897. Earl of Ashburnham. Part 2 18,649

It is worthy of notice in the above list that the amounts realised for the Heber and Sunderland sales were almost identical, while the totals of the Hamilton Palace libraries were larger than those for any other English sale, viz., £86,543 (Beckford, £73,551; Duke of Hamilton, £12,892).

In these totals the sales of booksellers’ stocks have not been recorded, because they do not sell so well as private libraries, owing to a rather absurd impression in the minds of buyers that the rarer books would have sold out at the shops had they been of special value; but it may be noted here that the stock of Messrs. Payne & Foss was sold in three portions in 1850 for £8645 (certainly much less than its worth) by Sotheby, who sold in 1868-70-72 Mr. Henry G. Bonn’s stock, in three parts, for £13,333, and Mr. Lilly’s in 1871 and 1873, in five parts, for £13,080. In 1873 Mr. T. H. Lacy’s stock of theatrical portraits and books were sold at Sotheby’s for £5157.

Mr. F. S. Ellis’s stock was sold in November 1885 for £15,996, and Mr. Toovey’s in February 1893 for £7090. The latter’s sporting books realised £1031.

It is very much the fashion now to average the amounts realised at auctions, and to point out that at such a sale the amount obtained was about £10 or more per lot. This is a useful generalisation so far as it goes, but further information is required to enable the reader to obtain a correct idea of value. The generalisation is useful in regard to a mass of sales; thus we may say broadly, that in the last century the ordinary large and good libraries averaged about £1 per lot, while in the present century they average at least £2 per lot.