INDEX
[A], [B], [C], [E], [F], [G], [H], [I], [J], [K], [L], [M], [N], [O], [P], [Q], [R], [S], [T], [V], [W].
A
Aldermen of London, 2[49-257];
distinct rank accorded to, [255];
to reside in the city, [255];
use of the title, [250];
connection with the Wards, [252-255].
Aldgate, Chaucer tenant of, [34], [81], [82];
Stow’s etymology, [25];
earliest form of name, [28].
Arderne (John), an early surgeon of mark, [172], [173].
Arms of London, [261-263].
Austin Friars in London, [364].
B
Bachelors, class of unmarried members of Livery Companies, [321].
Bachelors’ Alley, near Goldsmiths’ Hall, [321].
Bakers of London, [305-307].
Bankrupt, etymology of, [327].
Bankside, [380].
Barbican, or watch tower, [26].
Bartholomew’s (St.) Hospital, [179-191];
founded by Rahere, [180];
repaired by Whittington, [185];
Wat Tyler died there, [185];
law officers, [188];
Thomas Vicary, first governor, [189];
Dr Roderigo Lopus first physician, [191].
Baynard Castle, [31];
privileges associated with its possession, [264].
Bedford House, Bloomsbury [401];
gardens, [401].
Bell Tower of St. Paul’s, [337].
Benedictine Monastery of Black Monks, Westminster, [352].
—— Reforms of the Benedictines, [352-356].
Bishop of London, his prominent position, [19].
Bishopsgate, site marked by tablets, [27].
Black Death, the first great plague, [197].
Black Friars in London, [360].
Boot (The), in Cromer Street, immortalised by Dickens, [401].
Bow Church, Cheapside, [348], [349].
Brembre (Nicholas), feud with John of Northampton, [236].
Brewers of London, [313-315].
Building, Assize of, [36], [37].
Butchers of London, [307-309].
Butchers’ Row, Temple Bar, [391], [392].
C
Canons regular, Order of St. Austin, [351].
Canons secular, [350-351];
Barking College, [351];
Holmes’s College, [351];
Collegiate Church of St. Martin-le-Grand, [350];
College of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, [351];
Collegiate Chapel of St. Stephen, Westminster, [351].
Caorsins, company of Italian financiers banished from London, [324].
Capper’s Farm, Tottenham Court Road, [401].
Carta Mercatoria, 1303, [289].
Carthusian Order in London, [355].
Castellan and Bannerer of London, [264].
Chamberlain or Comptroller of the King’s Chamber, [271], [272]
Charing Cross, [138], [375], [376].
Charterhouse, remains of, [369].
Chaucer (Geoffrey) a representative Londoner, [80-89].
—— tenant of Aldgate, [34], [81], [82].
—— his portrait of the “doctor of physick,” [166], [167].
—— and poets of his time, round the town with, [71-89].
Cheapside, the market-place, [25], [286];
the cross, [138].
—— streets running out of, appropriated to sale of different commodities, [25].
Christ Church, Newgate Street, [24].
—— town ditch ran through grounds, [24].
Christ’s Hospital, deaths from plague, 209 (note).
Church and education, [330-374].
Churches, [347-351].
—— St. Bartholomew, [348];
St. Helen’s, Bishopsgate, [348];
St. Martin’s-le-Grand, Collegiate Church of, [348];
St. Mary le Bow, [348];
St. Michael le Querne, [348];
St. Peter’s, Cornhill, [348].
Cistercian Order in London, [355].
Clergy forbidden to practise surgery, [168].
Clerkenwell, crypt of St. John’s, [369].
Clothing trades, antagonism to victualling trades, [235-238], [304], [305].
Clothworkers’ Company, [301-303], [317].
Cluniac Order in London, [352].
Cnut’s trench on the south side of the Thames, [12].
Cobblers of London, [317].
Commerce and trade in London, [277-329].
Common Council of London, [259-261];
court of, [259];
election of, [260].
Common Hunt of London, [272].
Common Sergeant, [270].
Commune of London, origin of, [223-230];
character, [225];
oath, [227];
mayor and skivins, [227].
Cordwainers’ Company, [317].
Coronation banquets, Mayor of London’s position at, [246-248].
Craft gilds, [293], [294].
Cripplegate, etymology of, [26].
Crutched Friars in London, [366].
Custom-House first built in 1385, [29].
E
Eating-houses and taverns, [157-160].
Eleanor crosses, [138].
F
Fabian (St.) and St. Sebastian, gild of London, [297].
Fairs and markets, [282-288];
Bartholomew fair, [282];
Cloth fair, [282];
Nane fair, [282];
la novele feyre, [282];
prohibition against being held in churchyards, [285];
Stocks Market, [286].
Faith (St.), Church of, [344], [345].
Field of Forty Footsteps, [401].
Fire of London, 1666, [388-391];
schemes for rebuilding, [388-391].
Fires in London, [36], [37];
precautions for their prevention, [37], [38].
Fishmongers of London, [309-311].
Fitz-Ailwin (Henry), Mayor of London, [230];
his seal, [231];
assize of building, [36], [37];
second assize, [37].
Fitzstephen’s picture of London, [32], [90], [96], [131], [163], [373].
Fitz-Walter, Castellan and Bannerer of London, [264];
his seal, [269].
Football in the streets of London, [133].
Friars in London, [359-368];
Austin, [364];
Black, [360-363];
Crutched, [366];
De Areno, [367];
Grey, [363], [364];
Maturine, [368];
Penance of Jesus Christ or de Sacco, [367];
Pied, [367];
White, [365], [366].
Friday Street, Chaucer in, [86].
Friscobaldi, Company of Italian financiers, [325].
G
Galley Quay by the Tower, [29].
Garlekhith, gild of, London, [296].
Gates of London, their position should be marked, [27];
as dwelling-houses, [34].
Gilbertus Anglicus, first English writer on medicine, [167].
Gild merchant, [291-293].
Gilds and Companies of London, [290-323];
bakers, [305-309];
brewers and vintners, [313-315];
fishmongers, [309-311];
grocers, [312], [313];
poulterers, [311], [312].
Giles’s (St.) and the leper hospital, [195].
Girdlers’ Company, London, [319].
Gloucester (Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of), her penance, [91].
Goldsmiths’ Company, [319-322].
Goldsmiths’ Row, Cheapside, [320].
Governors of the city, [218-263].
Gower (John), Londoner, [76-78].
Gray’s Inn, [392-395].
Grey Friars in London, [363], [364].
Grocers of London, [312], [313].
Guildhall of London, [273], [274].
H
Haberdashers of London, [315].
Health, disease and sanitation of London, [161-217].
Heptarchy, changes in the so-called, [16].
Hermitages, [368];
Monkwell Street, Cripplegate, [368].
Hoccleve (Thomas), Londoner, [74], [75].
Hogarth, a true Londoner, [398].
Hospitals of London, [179-195];
St. Bartholomew’s, [179-191];
St. Thomas’s, [191], [192];
for lepers, [192], [197].
I
Inns of London, [384], [385];
Devil, Fleet Street, [385];
Mermaid, [384];
Mitre, [384];
Windmill, [384].
Inns of Southwark, [379];
Bear at Bridge Foot, [379];
George, [379];
King’s Head, [379];
Tabard, [379];
White Hart, [379].
Italian bankers in London, papers by Bond, Rhodes and Whitwell, 325 (note).
J
Jack Cade’s Rebellion, [48], [49], [63-70].
Jews in London, [165], [323], [324];
as practisers of surgery, [165];
hardships of, [323];
expelled from England, [323].
John of Gaddesden, doctor of physick, [167], [168].
Johnson (Samuel), a true Londoner, [398].
Jonson’s (Ben) London, [383].
Justiciar of London created by Henry I.’s charter, [221], [222].
K
Katherine’s (St.) Gild, [296].
King’s household, their right to lodgings, [40];
London exempted from this charge, [40-42].
King’s Palace (the Tower), [108-130].
L
Lambreth Palace, [376].
Lazar houses, [192];
“The Loke,” Kent Street, Southwark, [192];
at Hackney, [192];
hospital of St Giles’s, [195].
Leathersellers’ Company, London, [318].
Lepers, regulations respecting, in London, [192-197].
Life, expectancy of, in the Middle Ages, [162].
Lincoln’s Inn gateway, [392].
Lithsmen, their position in London, [19].
Livery Companies and the Gilds, [299-301];
feuds of the companies, [235-238], [304], [305].
Lombards, Italian financiers in London, [324-327].
London, a distinct political unit during the Saxon period, [17];
Arms of London, [261-263];
British remains, [1], [2];
centre of early commerce, [277];
Church and education, [330-374];
commerce and trade, [277-329];
Commune, [223];
condition of houses, [35];
Danish invasions, [8];
disputes as to the rebuilding by Alfred, [8];
early history of, to Norman Conquest, [1-20];
eating-houses and taverns, [157-160];
education, [372-374];
exempt from billeting of soldiers, [40], [41];
fairs and markets, [282];
feuds of Livery Companies, [235-238];
fire of 1666, [388];
fires, [36], [37];
foreign element in, [20], [222];
foreigners and strangers not permitted to reside in, [289];
free citizens of, subject to onerous laws under
the Normans, [21], [22];
gates closed at curfew, [23], [24];
Governors of the city, [218-263];
growth in eighteenth century, [398];
health, disease, and sanitation, [161-217];
Jack Cade’s rebellion, [48], [49], [63-70];
large portions of town left desolate at dissolution of religious houses, [368];
lights to be extinguished at curfew, [23];
line of the walls, [23-28];
Ludgate, chief entrance of, [23];
manners, [131-160];
Mayors of, [231-235];
first use of the title Lord Mayor, [239-241];
migration of upper classes westward, [387];
narrowness of streets, [383];
Newgate, western approach, [23], [24];
officials of the city, [264-274];
older than Middlesex and Surrey, [17];
overcrowding, [213];
pageants, processions and tournaments, [136-153];
peasants’ rising under Wat Tyler, [47-63];
“Pui” brotherhood of, musical society French merchants, [153];
plans for rebuilding after Great Fire, [388];
population, [46], [47], [207];
recognised capital under Edward the Confessor, [19];
references to, in Piers Plowman, [71], [72];
right to a voice in selection of king during the Saxon period, [13];
round the town with Chaucer and the poets of his time, [71-89];
sanctuary, [370-372];
schools, [372-374];
seal, [261];
seat of trade in Eastern luxuries, [280];
sports, [131-136];
streets first lighted by lanterns in 1415, [23];
stringent regulations relaxed under Henry I., [23];
suburbs, [385], [386];
tower of, as a fortress, [112-114];
as a palace, [113-125];
as a prison, [125-130];
victualling and clothing trades’ antagonism, [235-238];
walled town and its streets, [21-70];
water fetched from conduits, [383];
westward growth of, [387];
London and Londonburgh, use of the names in the Saxon Chronicle, [4];
Roman, [3];
Saxon Chronology, [3-20];
from mediæval to modern times, [375-403].
London Bridge, [100-107];
destroyed by Olaf, [11], [12];
wooden bridge, [100];
first stone bridge, [100];
built on piles, [102];
weight of buildings on, [105];
the chief sight of London, [105];
waterway obstructed by, [107].
London Stone, [230].
Lord Mayor, first use of title, [239-241].
Ludgate, [23], [31].
Lydgate (John), a visitor to London, [78], [79].
M
Mace-bearers of London, [272].
Manners of the Londoners, [131-160].
Markets; see Fairs and markets.
Martin’s (St.) le Grand, curfew tolled from the church, [24].
Mayors of London, [231-235];
position at coronation banquets, [246-248];
position in the city, [242-245];
summons to Privy Council on accession of sovereign, [245], [246].
—— pageants connected with election of, [248], [249].
—— skivins assistants to the mayor, [227].
Medical skill in the Middle Ages, [164].
Medicine and surgery, faculty of, [170], [171].
Mercers’ Company, London, [315].
Merchant Taylors and Linen Armourers, London, [315].
Middle Temple Hall, [396];
Comedy of Errors played in, [396].
Military orders, [356], [357];
Knights Hospitallers, [356], [357];
Templars, [356], [357].
Minoresses by Aldgate, [85], [364].
Minories, derivation of the name, [28].
Monks (Benedictines) in Westminster, [352-359].
—— Cluniac reform, [352-354];
Carthusians, [355];
Cistercians, [355], [356].
Montfichet, Tower of, [268].
Morestede (Thomas), King’s surgeon, [176], [177].
Murage, a tax for keeping the walls in repair, [33];
Hanse merchants freed from payment of, [33].
Music on the ships in the Thames, [95].
N
New Road, formation of, [398].
Newgate erected in reign of Henry I., [24];
prison, [24];
its rebuilding, [24];
its earlier name Chamberlain’s gate, [24].
Night-walkers in London, [43], [44].
Northampton (John of), feud with Nicholas Brembre, [236].
O
Officials of the City, [264-274];
Castellan and Bannerer, [264-270];
Chamberlain or Comptroller of the King’s Chamber, [271], [272];
Common Hunt, [272];
Common Sergeant, [270];
Coroner, [271], [272];
King’s Butler, [271];
Mace-bearers, [273];
Recorder, [270];
Remembrancer or State Amanuensis, [272];
Sword-bearer, [272];
Town Clerk, [270].
Olaf, London Bridge destroyed by, [11], [12].
Old Jewry, [324].
P
Pageants, processions and tournaments, [136-153].
Paul’s (St.) Cathedral, [331-335];
tombs, [341];
choir, [342], [344];
nave, [341], [342];
reredos, [343];
altars, [343];
dean and chapter, [345], [346].
—— dimensions of the old cathedral, [332], [333].
Paul’s (St.) Cathedral Close, buildings in, [335-338];
gates, [336], [337];
folkmoot held in the precincts, [10].
Paul’s Cross, [337].
Paul’s (St.) School, [337].
Peasants’ rising under Wat Tyler, [47-63].
Penthouses in the streets, [39].
Piers Plowman, references to London in, [71], [72].
—— Professor Skeat’s edition of, 73 (note).
Pile dwellings in London, [2].
Pindar’s (Sir Paul) mansion, [398].
Pirates in the Thames, [280-282].
Pui, brotherhood of the, musical society of French merchants, [153-157].
—— regulations, [154-157].
Plagues in London, [197-209];
(black death, 1349), [197-200];
1361, [200];
1368-1369, [200];
1430-1440, [200];
regulations, [200-205];
statistics of deaths, [207].
Population of London, various estimates, [46].
—— of certain great towns, [47].
Port-reeve, derivation of, [219].
Poulterers of London, [311-312].
Prisons of London, [45], [379];
Borough Compter, [379];
Clink, [379];
King’s Bench, [379];
Marshalsea, [379];
burnt by mob, [54];
White Lion, [379].
Privy Council, Mayor’s summons to, on accession of sovereign, [245], [246].
Punishments and fines in London, [42].
Pursers or glovers of London, [318].
Q
Queenhithe, early history, [93], [94].
—— and Billingsgate, the chief wharfs, [30].
R
Rahere, founder of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, [180-183].
Recorder of London, [270].
Religious houses, dissolution of, [368].
Remembrancer or State Amanuensis of London, [272].
River, the, and the bridge, [90-107].
Roman villa, foundations of, discovered on north side of Upper Thames Street in 1847, [30].
Round (J. Horace) on the early governors of London, [220];
views as to the justiciar, [221];
on the character of the Commune, [225].
S
Sanctuary in London, [370-372].
Sanitation of London, [211-217].
Schools of London, [372-374].
Seals: London Common Seal, [261-262];
Mayoralty seals, [262-263];
Henry Fitz Ailwin, [231];
Robert Fitz-Walter, [269];
St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, [180].
Selds or warehouses in London, [39].
Serfdom, abolition of, [50].
Sheriffs of London, [219-221], [257-259];
elected by mayor, aldermen and commonalty of city, [258].
Shakespeare in London, [387], [395], [396].
Skeat (Professor), his edition of Piers Plowman, 73 (note).
Skinners’ Company, London, [316].
Skivins, assistants to the mayor, [227].
Smithfield, tournaments held at, [25].
Southwark, chief thoroughfare from London to the South of England, [376];
St. Mary Overy, [376];
inns, [379];
prisons, [379].
Sports and pastimes in London, [131-136].
Staple, merchants of, [286]; ordinance of, [287];
staple towns, [287].
Staple inn, [396].
Statute merchant of London, [328], [329]
Steelyard, merchants of, [278], [279].
Streets, narrowness of, [383].
Suburbs of London, [385], [386].
Suffolk (William de la Pole, Duke of), [64].
Suffolk’s (Duchess of) escape from London, [381].
Surgeons, [171];
barbers as, [171], [178], [179];
military, [171];
gild of, [174-176];
sergeant, 177 (note);
fellowship of, [178].
Surrey, etymology of, [17], [18];
formerly an integral part of Kent, [19].
Sweating sickness in London, [209-211].
Sword-bearer of London, [272].
T
Tabard (The), at Southwark, [88].
Temple, right-of-way through the, [96].
Temple Bar, [391];
closing of, to sovereign, [241], [242].
Thames (River), [90-100];
attempts of landowners to close lanes leading to, [96-99];
infested by pirates, [280-282];
sports on, [90], [91];
as a highway, [90-92];
localities adjoining northern bank, [95];
use of unlawful nets, [99].
Thomas’s (St.) Hospital, [191], [192];
destroyed by fire, [191];
rebuilt, [192].
Tower of London, origin of the name, [108], [109];
fortress planned by the Conqueror, [110];
alterations and additions by Henry III., [111], [112];
additions by Edward III., [117], [118];
menagerie of wild beasts, [123], [124];
prisoners, [125-127];
ceremony of locking the gates, [114], [115];
as a fortress, [112-114];
as a palace, [113-125];
as a prison, [125-130];
King’s Palace, [108-130];
St. John’s Chapel, [123].
Tower Green, names of celebrities beheaded there, [127], [128].
Town Clerk of London, [270].
Town populations, conditions of, [162].
Trade and Commerce, [277-329].
Traitors’ Gate, Tower of London, [129], [130].
Trevelyan (G. M.), England in the Age of Wycliffe referred to, [48], [370].
V
Vicary (Thomas), famous surgeon, [177], [189].
Victualling and clothing trades, feud between, [235-238], [304], [305].
Vintners of London, [313-315].
W
Walled town and its streets, [21-70].
Wat Tyler’s rebellion, [48-63];
demands of the rebels, [56], [57], [60].
Water fetched from conduits, [383].
Weavers’ gild, London, [303], [304].
Weights and measures, [288];
King’s great beam or tron, [289].
Westminster, [376].
White Friars in London, [365].
William the Conqueror outside London, [15];
citizens repair to him at Berkhamsted, [15].
Windows, glass only used by the opulent, [39];
mere apertures, [40].
Woad merchants in Cannon Street, [279].
Women of bad repute restricted to certain garb, [44].
Wyat’s (Sir Thomas) insurrection, [380].
EDINBURGH
COLSTONS LIMITED
PRINTERS
[1] Journal, Anthropological Society, vol. v. pp. lxxi.-lxxx.
[2] Lake Dwellings in Europe, 1890, pp. 460-464.