[48] The tobacco grower "has the mortification of seeing his tobacco, bought from him at sixpence in bond, charged three shillings duty, and therefore costing the broker but 3s. 6d. and selling in the shops of London at ten, twelve, and sixteen shillings." (Urquhart's Turkey, 194.) The same writer informs his readers that the tobacco dealers were greatly alarmed when it was proposed that the duty should be reduced, because then everybody with £10 capital could set up a shop. The slave who works in the tobacco-field is among the largest taxpayers for the maintenance of foreign traders and foreign governments.
[49] Statistique de l'Agriculture de la France, 129.
[50] Urquhart's Resources of Turkey, 179.
[51] Equivalent to light port-charges, the anchorage being only sixteen cents per ship.
[52] Beaujour's Tableau du Commerce de la Greece, quoted by Urquhart, 47.
[53] Urquhart, 150.
[54] The recent proceedings in regard to the Turkish loan are strikingly illustrative of the exhausting effects of a system that looks wholly to the export of the raw produce of the earth, and thus tends to the ruin of the soil and of its owner.
[55] Urquhart, 257.
[56] Ibid. 202.
[57] Turkey, and its Destiny, by C. Mac Farlane, Esq., 1850.