SUPERSTITION AND FORCE. Essays on The Wager of Law, The Wager of Battle, The Ordeal, Torture. Fourth edition, revised. In one volume, 12mo.

STUDIES IN CHURCH HISTORY. The Rise of the Temporal Power, Benefit of Clergy, Excommunication, The Early Church and Slavery. Second edition. In one volume, 12mo.

CHAPTERS FROM THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF SPAIN, CONNECTED WITH THE INQUISITION. Censorship of the Press, Mystics and Illuminati, Endemoniadas, El Santo Niño de la Guardia, Brianda de Bardaxí.

THE MORISCOS OF SPAIN. THEIR CONVERSION AND EXPULSION. In one volume, 12mo.

A HISTORY
OF THE
INQUISITION OF SPAIN

BY
HENRY CHARLES LEA. LL.D.
———
IN FOUR VOLUMES
———
VOLUME IV.
———
New York
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., Ltd. 1922
All rights reserved
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Copyright, 1907,
By THE MACMILLAN COMPANY.
——
Set up and electrotyped. Published January, 1907.

CONTENTS OF VOL. IV.

[BOOK VIII—SPHERES OF ACTION (Continued).]
[Chapter V—Mysticism.]
PAGE
Antiquity of Mystic Aspirations [1]
Dangers—Impeccability—Independence[2]
Illuminism and Quietism—Confusion with Protestantism—Uncertainty as to Source of Visions—Contempt for Theology[4]
Development in Spain[6]
Commencement of Persecution—The Mystics of Guadalajara[7]
Francisca Hernández[9]
María Cazalla—The Group in Toledo—Ignatius Loyola[13]
Archbishop Carranza—San Francisco de Borja—Luis de Granada—the Jesuits[15]
Fray Alonso de la Fuente—his struggle with Jesuitism[19]
The Alumbrados of Llerena[23]
Hostility of the Inquisition to Mysticism[24]
Padre Gerónimo de la Madre de Dios[26]
Mística Theología of Fernando de Caldera[29]
Prosecution of the Mystics of Seville—Condemnation of Alumbrado Errors[29]
Illuminism becomes formal Heresy—Procedure[34]
Madre Luisa de Carrion[36]
Influence of Mystics—Sor María de Agreda[39]
Mysticism in Italy—Canon Pandolfo Ricasoli—The Impostor Giuseppe Borri—The Sequere me[42]
The Pelagini of Lombardy[46]
Miguel de Molinos—Condemnation of Mysticism[49]
The Beccarellisti[61]
Mysticism in France—Condemnation of Fénelon[62]
Molinism in Spain—Persecution[68]
Bishop Toro of Oviedo[71]
Madre Agueda de Luna[76]
Fray Eusebio de Villaroja—abusive Methods[77]
Mysticism regarded as delusion[79]
Prevalence of Imposture[81]
Magdalena de la Cruz[82]
Madre María de la Visitacion[83]
Variable Treatment of Imposture[86]
The Beata Dolores—The Beata de Cuenca—The Beata Clara[89]
Sor Patrocinio[92]
[Chapter VI—Solicitation]
Frequency of Seduction in the Confessional[95]
Invention of the Confessional Stall[96]
Leniency of Spiritual Courts[97]
The Inquisition indirectly seeks Jurisdiction[98]
Paul IV and Pius IV grant Jurisdiction[99]
The Regular Clergy endeavor to obtain Exemption[100]
Legislation of Gregory XV—Struggle with Bishops over Jurisdiction[100]
Solicitation included in Edict of Faith[105]
Difficulty of inducing Women to denounce Culprits[106]
Solicitation a technical Offence against the Sacrament, not against Morals[109]
Difficulty of practical Definition[110]
Passive Solicitation[111]
Absolution of the Partner in Guilt[113]
Facility of evading Penalty[114]
Flagellation—Connection with Illuminism[116]
Procedure—Tenderness for Delinquents[119]
Two Denunciations required[123]
Registers kept of Soliciting Confessors[125]
Moderation of Penalties[126]
Self-Denunciation—It finally secures immunity[130]
Statistics of Cases—Predominance of the Regular Orders[134]
[Chapter VII—Propositions]
Growth of Jurisdiction over Utterances, public and private[138]
Influence of habitual Delation[138]
Danger incurred by trivial Remarks[140]
Severity of Penalties—Question of Belief and Intention[142]
Special Propositions—Marriage better than Celibacy[144]
Fornication between the Unmarried no Sin[145]
Theological Propositions—Case of Fray Luis de Leon[148]
Scholastic Disputation, its Dangers[150]
Fray Luis accused of Disrespect for the Vulgate[151]
Arrested and imprisoned March 27, 1572[153]
Endless Debates over multiplying Articles of Accusation[154]
Vote in discordia, September 18, 1576[156]
Acquitted by the Suprema, December 7, 1576[157]
Second trial in 1582 for Utterances in Debate—Acquittal[159]
Francisco Sánchez, his Contempt for Theology[162]
He is summoned and reprimanded, September 24, 1584[164]
Again summoned and imprisoned, September 25, 1600—his Death[166]
Fray Joseph de Sigüenza—Plot against him in his Order[168]
Prefers Trial by the Inquisition—is acquitted[170]
Case of Padre Alonso Romero, S. J.[171]
Prosecutions of incautious Preachers[172]
Increasing Proportion of Cases of Propositions, continuing to the last[176]
[Chapter VIII—Sorcery and Occult Arts.]
Accumulation of Superstitious Beliefs in Spain[179]
Toleration in the early Middle Ages[180]
John XXII orders Persecution of Sorcery[181]
Persistent Toleration in Spain[182]
The Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction[183]
Question as to Heresy—Pact with the Demon[184]
The Demon omnipresent in Superstitious Practices—Hermaphrodites[186]
Belief thus strengthened in Divination and Magic[189]
The Inquisition thus obtains exclusive Jurisdiction[190]
Astrology—Its Teaching suppressed in the University of Salamanca[192]
Procedure—Directed to prove Pact with the Demon[195]
Penalties—Less severe than in secular Courts[197]
Rationalistic Treatment in Portuguese Inquisition[202]
Prosecuted as a Reality in Spain, to the last[203]
Increase in the Number of Cases[204]
Belief remains undiminished to the present time[205]
[Chapter IX—Witchcraft.]
Distinctive Character of Witchcraft—The Sabbat[206]
Origin in the 14th Century—Rapid Development in the 15th[207]
Genesis of Belief in the Sabbat—The Canon Episcopi[208]
Discussion as to Delusion or Reality—Witch-Burnings[209]
Congregation of 1526 deliberates on the Subject[212]
Witch Epidemics—Active Persecution[214]
The Suprema restrains the Zeal of the Tribunals[216]
Enlightened Instructions[219]
Auto-suggestive Hypnotism of confessed Witches[220]
Conflict with secular Courts over Jurisdiction[222]
Lenient Punishment[223]
Retrogression—The Logroño Auto of 1610[225]
Revulsion of Feeling—Pedro de Valencia[228]
Alonso de Salazar Frias commissioned to investigate[230]
His rationalistic Report[231]
Instructions of 1614 virtually put an end to Persecution[235]
Persistent Belief—Torreblanca[239]
Witchcraft Epidemics disappear[240]
Witchcraft in the Roman Inquisition[242]
The Witchcraft Craze throughout Europe[246]
[Chapter X—Political Activity.]
Assertion that the Inquisition was a political Instrument[248]
No Trace of its Agency in the Development of Absolutism[249]
Rarely called upon for extraneous Service[251]
Case of Antonio Pérez[253]
Assassination of Juan de Escobedo[254]
Pérez replaced by Granvelle—is imprisoned—escapes to Saragossa—is condemned in Madrid[255]
Futile Attempts to prosecute him before the Justicia of Aragon[258]
The Inquisition called in and prosecutes him for Blasphemy[258]
He is surrendered to the Tribunal—the City rises and rescues him[259]
Philip’s Army occupies Saragossa—Pérez escapes to France—Execution of the Justicia Lanuza[263]
Prosecutions by the Inquisition in opposition to the policy of Philip II—Auto de fe of October 20, 1592[267]
Córtes of Tarazona in 1592 curtail the Liberties of Aragon[269]
Death of Pérez in 1611—his memory absolved in 1615[272]
Sporadic Cases of Intervention by the Inquisition[273]
It is used in the War of Succession[275]
Gradually becomes subservient under the Bourbons[276]
Is a political Instrument under the Restoration[277]
Sometimes used to enforce secular Law—The Export of Horses[278]
[Chapter XI—Jansenism.]
Indefinable Character of Jansenism, except as opposed to Ultramontanism[284]
Struggle in Spanish Flanders[286]
Quarrel with Rome over the Condemnation of Cardinal Noris in the Index of 1747[288]
Opposition to Ultramontanism and Jesuitism persecuted as Jansenism[292]
Expulsion of the Jesuits—Reaction under Godoy[294]
[Chapter XII—Free-Masonry.]
Development of Masonry—Condemned by the Holy See[298]
Persecuted by the Inquisition and the Crown[300]
It becomes revolutionary in Character[303]
Persecution under the Restoration[304]
Its pernicious Activity in the Constitutional Period[306]
[Chapter XIII—Philosophism.]
Growth of Incredulity towards the End of the Eighteenth Century[307]
Olavide selected as a Victim[308]
Impression produced by his Trial[311]
Struggle between Conservatism and Progress[312]
[Chapter XIV—Bigamy.]
Assumption of Jurisdiction over Bigamy[316]
Based on inferential Heresy[318]
The Civil and Spiritual Courts strive to preserve their Jurisdiction[319]
Penalties[321]
Contest over Jurisdiction revived—Carlos III subdivides it into three[323]
The Inquisition reasserts it under the Restoration[326]
Number of Cases[327]
[Chapter XV—Blasphemy.]
Distinction between heretical and non-heretical Blasphemy[328]
Contests over Jurisdiction with the spiritual and secular Courts[329]
Attempts at Definition of heretical Blasphemy[330]
Cumulative Jurisdiction[333]
Moderation of Penalties[334]
Number of Cases[335]
[Chapter XVI—Miscellaneous Business.]
Marriage in Orders[336]
Personation of Priesthood[339]
Roman Severity and Spanish Leniency[340]
Hearing of Confessions by Laymen[344]
Personation of Officials[344]
Demoniacal Possession[348]
Insults to Images[352]
Uncanonized Saints[355]
The Plomos del Sacromonte[357]
The Immaculate Conception[359]
Unnatural Crime[361]
Jurisdiction conferred in the Kingdoms of Aragon[363]
The Portuguese Inquisition obtains Jurisdiction[365]
Trials conducted under secular Procedure[366]
Penalties[367]
Case of Don Pedro Luis Galceran de Borja[370]
Usury[371]
Jurisdiction abandoned[374]
Morals[375]
The Seal of Confession[377]
General Utility[378]
[BOOK IX—CONCLUSION.]
[Chapter I—Decadence and Extinction.]
Independence of the Inquisition in the XVII Century[385]
The Bourbons.
Increased Control exercised by Philip V[386]
Gradual Diffusion of Enlightenment[387]
Progress under Carlos III—he limits Inquisitorial Privilege [389]
Influence of the French Revolution[390]
Diminished Respect—Increasing Moderation[392]
Projects of Reform—Jovellanos—Urquijo[394]
Growth of Opposition—Bishop Grégoire and his Opponents[397]
The Cortes.
The Napoleonic Invasion and the Uprising of Spain[399]
The Inquisition supports the Intrusive Government[400]
Its desultory Functions during the War of Liberation[402]
The Extraordinary Córtes assemble, September 24, 1810[403]
Freedom of the Press decreed—Controversy on the Inquisition[404]
The Constitution adopted[406]
Prolonged Struggle over the Suppression of the Inquisition—Carried January 26, 1813[407]
Resistance of the Clergy[414]
Reaction preceding the Return of Fernando VII[418]
The Restoration.
Character of Fernando VII[420]
Proscription of the Liberals[421]
The Inquisition re-established[424]
Its Reconstruction and financial Embarrassments[426]
Resumption of Functions[429]
Its diminished Authority—Its Moderation[430]
The Revolution of 1820.
Growing Disaffection culminates in successful Revolution[434]
Fernando compelled to abolish the Inquisition, March 9, 1820[436]
Suicide of Liberalism[438]
Quarrel with the Church—Increasing Anarchy[440]
The Congress of Verona orders Intervention[444]
The French Invasion—Ferdinand carried to Cádiz[446]
Proscription of the Liberals[448]
Fernando released and returns to Power[449]
Ten Years of Reaction.
Absolutism revenges itself on Liberalism[450]
Fernando refuses to revive the Inquisition[453]
Discontent of the Extremists—Rising in Catalonia[456]
Dormant Condition of the Inquisition[458]
Episcopal juntas de fe—Execution of Cayetano Ripoll[460]
Cristina.
The Question of Succession causes Reversal of Policy[462]
Death of Fernando VII—The Carlist War—Alliance of the Regent Cristina with the Liberals[466]
The Inquisition definitely abolished, July 15, 1834[467]
Gradual Development of Toleration[469]
[Chapter II—Retrospect.]
Vicissitudes in the History of Spain[472]
Causes of Decadence—Misgovernment of the Hapsburgs[473]
Industry crushed by Taxation[478]
Lack of Means of Intercommunication—The Mesta[480]
Debasement of the Coinage[482]
Aversion for Labor[483]
Multiplication of Offices—Empleomanía[485]
Gradual Recuperation under the Bourbons[486]
Inordinate Growth of the Church in Numbers and Wealth[488]
Demoralization of the Clergy[496]
Clerical Influence—Development of Intolerance[498]
Superficial Character of Religion[502]
Results of Intolerance[504]
Influence of the Inquisition on the People[507]
Contemporary opinion of its Services[508]
Indifference to Morals[509]
Disregard for Law—Aspirations to Domination[511]
Suppression of adverse Opinion[513]
Statistics of its Operations[516]
Conscientious Cruelty[525]
Persecution Profitable[527]
Influence on Intellectual Development[528]
Result of seeking to control the Human Conscience[531]
[Appendix of Documents][535]
[Index][547]

THE INQUISITION OF SPAIN.