The theory of solidarity is clearly expressed in Zanghino’s remark “Quia in omnes fert injuriam quod in divinam religionem committatur” (Tract. de Hæres. c. xi.).
[207] Ademari S. Cibardi Hist. Lib. III. c. 36.—Dooms of Æthelstan, III. vi. (Thorpe, I. 219).—Bracton. Lib. III. Tract, i. c. 6.—Legg. Villæ de Arkes § 26. (D’Achery III. 608).—Hist. Diplom. Frid. II. Introd. p. cxcvi.; IV. 444.—Godefrid. S. Pantal. Annal. ann. 1233.—Fazelli de Reb. Siculis Decad. II. Lib. viii. p. 442.—Isambert. Anc. Loix Franç. I. 295.—Legg. Opstalbom. §§ 3, 4.—Treuga Henrici c. 1224 (Böhlau, Nove Constitut. Dom. Alberti, Weimar, 1858, pp. 76-77).—Registre Criminel du Châtelet de Paris, passim (Paris, 1861).—Beaumanoir, Coutumes du Beauvoisis, c. 30, No. 12.—Antiqua Ducum Mediolan. Decreta, pp. 187-88 (Mediolani, 1654).—Legg. Capital. Caroli V. c. 103-197 (Goldast. Constitt. Imp. III. 537-55).—London Athenæum, Mar. 15, 1873, p. 338.—R. Christian. V. Jur. Danic. art. 7.—Willenburgii de Except. et Pœnis Cleric, p. 41 (Jenæ, 1740).—5 Henry IV. c. 5.—Description of Britaine, Bk. III. c. 6 (Holinshed’s Chronicles Ed. 1577 I. 106).—London Athenæum, 1885 No. 3024, p. 466.
It has seemed to me, however, that a sensible increase in the severity of punishment is traceable after the thirteenth century, and I am inclined to attribute this to the influence exercised by the Inquisition over the criminal jurisprudence of Europe.
[208] Lucæ Tudens. de altera Vita Lib. iii. c. 15.—T. Aquinat Summ. Sec. Sec. Q. x. Artt. 3, 6.—Von der Hardt, T.I.P. xvi. p. 829.—Nic. Eymerici Direct. Inquis. Præfat.
[209] Galton, Inquiries into Human Faculty, pp. 66-68.—Cæsar. Heisterbac. Dial. Mirac. Dist. IV.
As early as the fourth century the tendency of exaggerated asceticism to affect the mind was noted, and St. Jerome had the common-sense to point out that such cases required a physician rather than a priest (Hieron. Epist. cxxv. c. 16).
[210] Martene Thesaur. V. 1817, 1820.—Urbani PP. IV. Bull. Licet ex omnibus, 20 Mart. 1262, § 13.—Clem. PP. IV. Bull. Prœ cunctis mentis, 23 Feb. 1266 (Arch. de l’Inq. de Carc., Doat, XXXII. 32).
[211] Tamburini, Storia Generale dell’ Inquisizione, I. 362-5, 561.—Chron. Veronens. ann. 1233 (Muratori S.R.I. VIII. 626, 627).
[212] Gregor. PP. I. Homil. in Evangel. xl. 8.—Pet. Lomb. Sententt. Lib. IV. Dist. 50 §§ 6, 7. Peter Lombard even presses into service a passage from St. Jerome which had no such significance (Hieron. Comment. in Isaiam Lib. XVIII. c. lxvi. vers. 24).—St. Bonaventuræ Pharetræ IV. 50.—S. Thomæ Aquinat. contra Impugn. Relig. cap. XVI. §§ 2, 3.
[213] S. Thomæ Aquinat. Summ. Sec. Sec. Q. X. art. 8, 12.—Zanchini de Hære. c. ii.