[1025] MS. Brit. Mus. quoted by Pertz in Hugo. Flaviniac. Lib. II.

[1026] Hermann. de Mirac. S. Mariæ Laudun. Lib. III. cap. 28.

[1027] Lodharius ... Gerbergam, more maleficorum, in Arari mergi præcepit.—Nithardi Hist. Lib. I. ann. 834.

[1028] Plinii Natur. Histor. L. VII. c. ii.

[1029] Ameilhon, de l’Épreuve de l’Eau Froide.

[1030] In earlier times, various other modes of proof were habitually resorted to. Among the Lombards, King Rotharis prescribed the judicial combat (L. Longobard. Lib. I. Tit. xvi. § 2). The Anglo-Saxons (Æthelstan. cap. VI.) direct the triple ordeal, which was either red-hot iron or boiling water.

[1031] Regest. Ludovici Hutini (ap. Cangium).

[1032] Mall. Maleficarum.

[1033] Wieri de Præstigiis Dæmonum pp. 589, 581.

[1034] Scribonii Epist. de Exam. Sagarum. Newald Exegesis Purgat. Sagarum. These tracts, together with Rickius’s “Defensio Probæ Aquæ Frigidæ,” were reprinted in 1686 at Leipsic, in 1 vol. 4to.