[1757] Louïse, Sorcellerie et Justice Criminelle à Valenciennes (Valenciennes, 1861, pp. 121-125).
[1758] Goetzii Diss. de Tortura, p. 71.
[1759] Bodin de Magor. Dæmonom. (Basil. 1581, p. 325).
[1760] Zangeri cap. V. Nos. 79-81.
[1761] Bernhardi Diss. Inaug. cap. I. § xi.
[1762] Emer. a Rosbach, op. cit. Tit. V. cap. xviii. No. 13.—Godelmanni de Magis L. III. cap. x. § 52.—Gerstlacheri Comment. de Quæst. per Tormenta, p. 35.—Grillandi de Quæst. et Tortura Q. vii. § 11. So Beccaria (Delitt. e Pene, § XII.)—“Alcuni dottori ed alcune nazioni non permettono questa infame petizione di principio che per tre volte; altre nazioni ed altri dottori la lasciano ad arbitrio del giudice.”
[1763] This custom prevailed in Electoral Saxony until the abrogation of torture (Goetzii Diss. de Tort. p. 33), and was especially the case at Amsterdam. Meyer (Institutions Judiciaires, IV. 295) states that the registers there afford scarcely an instance of a prisoner discharged without conviction after enduring torture.
[1764] Zanger. loc. cit.
[1765] Bernhardi, cap. I. § xii.—Goetzii op. cit. p. 74.—Cf. Caroli V. Const. Crim. cap. XX. § 1.—Goetz (p. 67) derives urpheda from ur before, and fede enmity.
[1766] Goetzii Dissert. de Tortura, p. 31.