[2] See Pictet, Origines Indo-Européennes (Paris, 1878, T. II. pp. 372-6; T. III. pp. 5-8), for the philological evidence of the development of society from the family in all the Aryan nations.
[3] Vendidad, Farg. IV. 24-35 (Bleeck’s Translation, Hertford, 1864, pp. 30-1).
[4] Manava Dharma Sastra, VIII. 295 sqq. Comp. Maine’s Ancient Law, pp. 260 sqq.
[5] Yajnavalkya, II. 272 (Stenzler’s Translation).
[6] Even among the remnants of the pre-Aryan races of India the same customs are traceable. Early in the present century Lieutenant Shaw described the hill-tribes of Rajmahal, to the north of Bengal, as recognizing the responsibility of the injurer to the injured; compensation was assessed at the pleasure of the complainant, and the kindred of the offender were compelled to contribute to it, exactly as among the barbarians who occupied Europe (Asiatic Researches, Vol. IV.).
[7] Dicæarchi Frag. (Didot, Frag. Hist. Græcor.).—Apollodor. Biblioth. II. vi. 2-3.—Diodor. Siculi IV. 31.—Plut. Quæst. Græc. 46.—Maine’s Ancient Law, p. 127.
[8] Tit. Liv. I. 26; V. 32.—Appiani de Bell. Hannibal. xxviii.—Dion. Halicar. II. 10; XIII. 5.
[9] Esneaux, Hist. de Russie, I. 172 sqq.
[10] Jo. Herburti de Fulstin Statut. Reg. Polon. tit. Homicid. (Samoscii, 1597, pp. 200 sqq.). In cases, however, of homicide committed by a kmetho, or serf, upon another, a portion of the wer-gild was paid to the magistrate.
[11] See an abstract of Bojisic’s work on the customs of the southern Slavs, in the “Penn Monthly” Magazine, Phi’a, Jan. 1878, pp. 15 sqq.