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Fig. 268. Map showing the geographic distribution of the three principal cranial types of man inhabiting western Europe at the present time. Prepared after Ripley's maps in his Races of Europe. Also the restricted area neighboring the Vézère valley, where the supposed descendants of the disharmonic type of the Crô-Magnons are still to be found. Other small Crô-Magnon colonies are not represented. The heavy-faced lines show those districts where the race indicated is most numerous and found in the greatest perfection of type.

The Prehistoric and Historic Races of Europe

Before the close of Neolithic times all the direct ancestors of the modern races of Europe had not only established themselves, but had begun to separate into those larger and smaller colonies which now mark out the great anthropological divisions of western Europe. It is therefore interesting to glance at the cranial distinctions of the men who successively entered western Europe in Upper Palæolithic and Neolithic times. The upper part of the table corresponds with that of Ripley.[(25)]

MODERN, NEOLITHIC, AND UPPER PALÆOLITHIC EUROPEAN RACES OF THE EXISTING SPECIES OF MAN (HOMO SAPIENS)

TypeHeadFaceHairEyesStatureNoseCephalic
Index
Average
per cent
VI.Teutonic (? Baltic).Long,
narrow.		High,
narrow.		Very
light.		Blue.Tall.Narrow,
aquiline.		75
V.Mediterranean
(? Ofnet).		Long,
narrow.		High,
narrow.		Dark
brown or
black.		Dark.Medium,
slender.		Rather
broad.		75
IV.Alpine, Celtic
(? Ofnet).		Round.Broad.Light
chestnut.		Hazel-gray.Medium,
stocky.		Variable;
rather
broad;
heavy.		87
III.Furfooz-Grenelle
(? Ofnet)		Broad.Medium.????79-85
II.Brünn-Předmost
(Moravia).		Long.Low,
medium.		????68.2
or
65.7
I.Crô-Magnon.Long.Low and
broad.		??Tall to
medium.		Narrow,
aquiline.		? 63-
? 76.27

It would appear that five out of these six great racial types had entered Europe before the close of Upper Palæolithic times, namely, I to V in the above table.

How about the sixth type; the narrow-headed, light-haired people of the north, the modern Teutonic type? This question cannot be answered at present. We have, however, high authority for the invasion of a new northern race, which may have been of the Teutonic type, as occurring before the close of Palæolithic times. These were the people described above, migrating along the shores of the Baltic with a new northern Maglemose culture and crude naturalistic art.

Conclusions as to the Old Stone Age