[5] H. Swainson Cowper, Esq., F.S.A.

[6] Hist. Soc. of Lanc. and Ches., xx. 131.

[7] Engraved in “History of Rochdale,” p. 5. See also Archæologia, xxv. 595.

[8] See Transactions of Hist. Soc. of Lanc. and Ches., xxx. 81.

[9] “Annals,” xii. 31.

[10] Tacitus, “Hist.,” book iii., ch. lix.

[11] Tacitus, “Vita Agricolæ,” cap. xx.

[12] Xiphiline’s abridgment of Dion Cassius. It may be well here to state my general indebtedness to the late W. Thompson Watkin’s “Roman Lancashire”; Liverpool, 1883.

[13] E. Sanderson, “Hist. of England,” p. 19.

[14] “Roman Lancashire,” W. Thompson Watkin; Liverpool, 1883.